A peek into the literature on the environmental health implications of the rapidly developing nanotechnology industry shows that the potential problem of exposure to airborne nanoparticles has not been adequately addressed. The health and safety of nanotechnology workers are of concern because these groups run the greatest risk of exposure to elevated concentrations of nanomaterials. However, a gap exists between the currently available particle measurement methods and those appropriate for the assessment of nanoaerosol exposure.

Radon DeadlockRadon and HealthMeasurement of the Concentration of Decay Products of Radon, Thoron, and ActinonCharacteristics of Radon ProgenyThe Basic Equations for Radon Decay Product SeriesThe General Activity Methods of Measuring Concentration of Radon Decay ProductsMeasurement of Radon Decay Products in Air by Alpha and Beta SpectrometryAbsorption of Alpha Radiation in the SampleMeasurement Procedure for Determination of Activity of RaA, RaB, RaC, and RaC' on Filter by Alpha and Beta SpectrometryCharacteristics of Thoron and Actinon Decay ProductsThe Basic Equations for Thoron and Actinon SeriesConclusionUnattached Activity of Radon ProgenyUnattached Activity PropertiesCorrelation between the Unattached Activity of Radon Decay Products and Aerosol ConcentrationMeasurements of Other Radon Decay Product Unattached Activity ConcentrationThe Effect of Recoil Nuclei Being Knocked Off Aerosol Particles Unattached Concentration of Radon Decay ProductsConclusionMethod of Direct Measurement of Activity (Dose) in Miners' LungsIntroductionTheory of the MethodAssessment of the Uncertainties in the Evaluation of the DoseCorrection for the Shift of Equilibrium of Radon Progeny in the Air and in the LungsAccounting for Parametric Variations: Variations of Concentrations, Breathing Rate and Deposition Coe¿cients in Real Working ConditionsModel MeasurementPhantom Measurements and Geometric CorrectionsAssessment of the Errors of the Direct MethodPortable Instrument for Direct Measurement of the Activity of Radon Decay Products in the Lungs of MinersAssessment of the Nanoparticles' Surface Area by Measuring the Unattached Activity of Radon ProgenyThe Unattached Activity of Radon Decay ProductsConclusionLocal Deposition of Nanoparticles in the Human LungSafety of Radioactive Markers in Aerosol Exposure StudiesAssessment of Particle Deposition in LungsPrevious Experiments with This MethodHuman StudiesControlled Protocol for Study of Nanoparticle Lung Deposition in Human SubjectsDiscussion and ConclusionExposure and Dose in Nanoaerosols StudiesExposure: DefinitionsExamples of Exposure-E¿ect Study without Dose AssessmentNanoparticle: DefinitionNanoparticles Dosimetric Road MapNanoparticle Surface Area MeasurementsNanoparticle Respirators' True E¿ectiveness MeasurementsLocal Lung Deposition and Dosimetry for NanoparticlesHuman Experiment Safety ProblemsConclusion