Growing cells in 2D under static conditions has long been the gold standard of cell culture, despite this method not being representative of the complex in vivo environment. The use of animal models also has clear ethical and scientific limitations, and increasingly the 3Rs (replacement, refinement, reduction) in relation to animal models are being integrated into the modern-day scientific practice.

Preface, Chapter 1: Methods for Conducting Connected Culture Experiments Using the Quasi-Vivo® Chambers, Chapter 2: The Use of in vitro 3D Cell Models of Human Airway Epithelia (MucilAir(TM)) in Inhalation Toxicity, Chapter 3: Cultivation of Human Hepatocytes in the Quasi-Vivo® System: From Isolation and Seeding to Quantification of Xenobiotic-Metabolizing Enzyme Expression and Activity, Chapter 4: Generation of Patient-Specific Cardiac Patches by Human Cardiac Progenitor Cells and 3D Scaffolds, Chapter 5: In vitro Risk Assessment of Nanoparticles, Chapter 6: Utilizing Nanosensor-Incorporated Scaffolds in the Development of a 3D Lung Model, Chapter 7: Development of a Paracrine-Signaling Model for Detecting Irritancy Using Human Keratinocytes and Fibroblasts, Chapter 8: Advanced in vitro Models of the Intestinal Mucosa for Drug Delivery Studies, Chapter 9: An in vitro NHBE Model of the Human Bronchial Epithelium, Chapter 10: Method for Simple and Routine Three-Dimensional Cell Culture