This book enhances the discussion of anthropized soils with photographs of soil profiles and provides general information about soils in Japan, using data on their physical and chemical properties. Soils targeted in this book have wide spectra in anthropized influences from lesser effects such as agricultural improvements to drastic changes caused by infrastructure construction. These include soils sealed by technic hard materials, on ski slopes, on river embankments and coastal berms, in historical urban parks, on man-made islands in Tokyo Bay, in reclaimed lands, in greenhouse fields, and those filling in swamplands. These examples supported with data can be a bridge between agriculture and civil engineering to understand how anthropogenic activities influence soils. Because anthropogenic impacts have increased during the past decades along with concentrations of populations into cities, processes in soils must be addressed from the point of view of diverse land-use purposes.

Uses photographs to the widest extent possible for visualization of soil-environment interaction

1. Soils Sealed by Technic Hard Materials in Urban and Traffic Areas1.1 Introduction1.2 Soils Sealed by Asphalt1.2.1 Road Construction and History of Land Use Changes1.2.2 Soil Profile and Brief Chemical Properties at the Road Construction Site1.2.3 Maintenance Work for Sewer Pipe, History of Management for Social Facilities1.2.4 Soil Profile and Brief Chemical Properties under the Asphalt Road1.2.5 Construction site of interchange for highway1.2.6 Soil Description and Brief Chemical Characteristics beneath the thick subbase stones1.3 Soil Sealed by Interlocking1.3.1 Periodical Exchange of Interlocking and History of Land Use Change1.3.2 Soil Description and Brief Chemical Characteristics in the Soil Profile with Buried Concrete1.4 Soils Sealed by Concrete1.4.1 Land Use and Overview of the site1.4.2 Profile Characteristics and Brief Chemical Characteristics1.5 Conclusion2. Soils constructed on Ski Slopes2.1 Introduction2.2 Ski Hills in Gifu Prefecture2.2.1 Management of Ski Hills2.2.2 Soil Description and Physico-Chemical Properties at Different Ski Hills2.3 Conclusion3. Soils on River Embankments3.1 Introduction3.2 The River Embankment in Saga Prefecture 3.2.1 Construction of Levee along Rokkaku-gawa River 3.2.2 Soil Descriptions with Soil Profiles3.2.3 Growth of Invasive Grass Species on the Levee3.3 Conclusion4. Soils in Historical Urban Parks4.1 Introduction4.2 The Institute of Nature Study, Shiroganedai, Tokyo 4.2.1 History of Land Use at The Institute of Nature Study4.2.2 Soil Description and Soil Properties with 13C values4.3 Shinjuku Gyoen Park4.3.1 History of Land Use at Shinjuku Gyoen Park4.3.2 Soil Compactness and Soil Physico-chemicial Properties4.4 Kitanomaru Garden4.4.1 History of Land Use at Kitanomaru Garden4.4.2 Soil Classification and General Properties4.5 Conclusion5. Soils on Coastal Berms for Reproducing the Coastal Forests Damaged by the Mega-tsunami5.1 Introduction5.2 Matsu-Bayashi National Forest District (Arahama area)5.2.1 Geological Information of Constructed Soil Materials5.2.2 Soil Description and Physico-Chemical Properties5.3 Dai National Forest District (Natori area)5.3.1 Geological Information and Planted Vegetation5.3.2 Soil Description and Physical Properties5.4 Rikuzen-Takata District (Otomo)5.4.1 Background Information of the Planted Forest5.4.2 Soil Description and Physical Properties5.5 Conclusion6. Soils Filled in Swamplands behind Coastal Sand Dunes to Prevent Coastal Disaster6.1 Introduction6.2 Matsugaya coastal forest6.2.1 Construction of the Growth Foundation  6.2.2 Soil Description and Soil Classification using Soil Physico-Chemical Properties6.3 Ushigome coastal forest6.3.1 Construction of the Growth Foundation with and without Tillage 6.3.2 Soil Description and Soil Classification using Soil Physico-Chemical Properties6.4 Conclusion7. Geotechnical Issues for Developing Coastal Waste-Landfill7.1 Introduction7.2 Testing Program to Investigate Heavy Metal Mobility in Coastal Landfill7.3 Testing Program to Investigate Mechanical Properties of Coastal Landfill7.4 Summary of the Testing Results7.4.1 Heavy Metal Mobility in Coastal Landfill7.4.2 Mechanical properties of coastal landfill7.5 Conclusion8. Soils on Man-made Islands in Tokyo Bay8.1 Introduction8.2 Soil on the Man-Made Island, "The Uminomori Park"8.2.1 The Plan for Greenery Land Use in Tokyo Bay8.2.2 Soil Description and Properties at the 2014 site8.2.3 Soil Description and Properties at the 2012 Site8.2.4 Soil Description and Properties at the 2008 Site 8.3 Greenery Area for Golf and Amusement Facilities in The Wakasu Seaside Park8.3.1 Construction of the Man-Made Island with Municipal Wastes8.3.2 Soil Description and Soil Properties 40 years after the construction8.4 Urban Sanctuary of the Tokyo Wild Bird Park 8.4.1 History of the Tokyo Wild Bird Park8.4.2 Soil Description and Physico-Chemical Properties8.5 Conclusion9. Soils in the Reclaimed Land after Drainage in Isahaya Bay9.1 Introduction9.2 Investigation of Isahaya Bay Polder Soils9.2.1 Management for the Water Level in Isahaya Bay 9.2.2 Soil Descriptions of the Former Tidal Land9.3 Comparison of Soil Properties under the Different Vegetation in the Reclaimed Land9.4 Conclusion10. Soil Dressing with Alluvial Soil Materials "Dorotsuke"10.1 Introduction10.2 Dorotsuke in the Omiya Upland Area10.2.1 Geological and Agricultural Setting of the Omiya upland 10.2.2 Soil Descriptions and Physico-Chemical Properties10.3 Conclusion11. Soils Modified by Topsoil Dressing and Deep Tilling in Peaty Farmland11.1 Introduction11.2 Management by Soil Dressing on Low Moor Peat Land, Nanporo-111.2.1 Vegetable Field with Shallow Tillage11.2.2 Soil Description and Physico-Chemical Properties11.3 Management by Soil Dressing on High Moor Peat Land, Nanporo-211.3.1 Wheat Field with Deep tillage 11.3.2 Soil Description and Physico-Chemical Properties11.4 Conclusion12. Soils in Greenhouse Fields in an Urbanized Area12.1 Introduction12.2 Site 1: Man-made Agricultural Soils Established on the Paddy Fields in Urban Areas12.2.1 Shifting of Agricultural Land Uses from Paddy Field12.2.2 Soil Description and Physico-Chemical Properties12.3 Site 2. Man-made Agricultural Soils Established on the Reclaimed Residential Areas12.3.1 Vegetable Cultivation Converted from the Reclaimed Residential Area12.3.2 Soil Description and Physico-Chemical Properties12.4 Conclusion13. Conversion of Land Uses in Cultivated Land13.1 Introduction13.2 Abandoned Paddy Field Located on Valley Plains13.2.1 Conversion of Land Uses since 1970's13.2.2 Soil description at the chestnut orchard, parking lot and  buckwheat field13.3 Soil Properties and Effects of Land Use Changes13.4 Conclusion