Fifty years have passed since Norwood Russell Hanson's unexpected death, yet he remains an important voice in philosophy of science. This book is a revised and expanded edition of a collection of Hanson's essays originally published in 1971, edited by Stephen Toulmin and Harry Woolf. The new volume features a comprehensive introduction by Matthew Lund (Rowan University) and two new essays. The first is "Observation and Explanation: A Guide to Philosophy of Science", originally published as a posthumous book by Harper and Row. This essay, written near the end of Hanson's life, represents his mature philosophy of science. The second new addition, Hanson's essay "The Trial of Galileo", is something of a "lost" work - it was only published in a small run collection on famous trials and was left out of the published lists of Hanson's works. Ever the outspoken firebrand, Hanson found many lessons and warnings from Galileo's trial that were relevant to Cold War America.

Introduction, Matthew D. Lund.- Part I Philosophy of Science.- A Picture Theory of Theory-Meaning.- On Elementary Particle Theory.- Some Philosophical Aspects of Contemporary Cosmologies.- Stability Proofs and Consistency Proofs: A Loose Analogy.- Observation and Explanation: A Guide to Philosophy of Science.- Part II History of Science.- Leverrier: The Zenith and Nadir of Newtonian Mechanics.- The Contributions of Other Disciplines to 19th Century Physics.- The Trial of Galileo.- Part III General Philosophy.- On Being in Two Places at Once.- Copernicus' Role in Kant's Revolution.- It's Actual, so It's Possible.- On Having the Same Visual Experiences.- Mental Events Yet Again: Retrospect on Some Old Arguments.- Part IV Logic.- Imagining the Impossible.- On the Impossibility of Any Future Metaphysics.- Good Inductive Reasons.- A Budget of Cross-Type Inferences, or Invention is the Mother of Necessity.- The Irrelevance of History of Science to Philosophy of Science.- The Idea of a Logic of Discovery.- Part V Religion.- The Agnostic's Dilemma.- What I Don't Believe.- Part VI The Theory of Flight.- Introduction, Edward MacKinnon, S.J..- Lecture One: The Discovery of Air.- Lecture Two: The Shape of an Idea.- Lecture Three: The Idea of a Shape.