Originally published in Space Science Reviews, Volume 206, Issue 1-4, March 2017

Provides a comprehensive view on the different sources of the geomagnetic field

Introduction: Earth's Magnetic Field: Understanding Sources from the Earth's Interior and its Environment.- Acknowledgements.- Part I: Classifications and observations.- Chapter 1: Magnetic Signatures of Ionospheric and Magnetospheric Current Systems During Geomagnetic Quiet Conditions-An Overview.- Chapter 2: Magnetic Coordinate Systems.- Chapter 3: On the Usage of Geomagnetic Indices for Data Selection in Internal Field Modelling.- Chapter 4: The Mid-Latitude Positive Bay and the MPB Index of Substorm Activity.- Chapter 5: Key Ground-Based and Space-Based Assets to Disentangle Magnetic Field Sources in the Earth's Environment.- Part II: External field relevance for investigating the Earth's interior.- Chapter 6: Challenges Handling Magnetospheric and Ionospheric Signals in Internal Geomagnetic Field Modelling.- Chapter 7: Magnetic Field Data Correction in Space for Modelling the Lithospheric Magnetic Field.- Part III: Impact of the geomagnetic large-scale spatial and long-term variations for investigating near-Earth space.- Chapter 8: North-South Asymmetries in Earth's Magnetic Field.- Chapter 9: The Impact of Century-Scale Changes in the Core Magnetic Field on External Magnetic Field Contributions.- Part IV: Observations, models, and simulations of near-Earth electrodynamics.- Chapter 10: Magnetic Field Perturbations from Currents in the Dark Polar Regions During Quiet Geomagnetic Conditions.- Chapter 11: Sq and EEJ-A Review on the Daily Variation of the Geomagnetic Field Caused by Ionospheric Dynamo Currents.- Chapter 12: Post-Storm Middle and Low-Latitude Ionospheric Electric Fields Effects.- Chapter 13: Large Scale High-Latitude Ionospheric Electrodynamic Fields and Currents.- Chapter 14: The F -Region Gravity and Pressure Gradient Current Systems: A Review.- Chapter 15:  F -Region Dynamo Simulations at Low and Mid-Latitude.- Chapter 16: Low and Midlatitude Ionospheric Plasma Density Irregularities an Their Effects on Geomagnetic Field.- Chapter 17: Near-EarthMagnetic Field Effects of Large-Scale Magnetospheric Currents.- Chapter 18: Overview of Solar Wind-Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Atmosphere Coupling and the Generation of Magnetospheric Currents.- Chapter 19: Structure of High Latitude Currents in Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Models.- Chapter 20: Erratum to: Structure of High Latitude Currents in Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Models.-  Chapter 21: Using OpenGGCM to Compute and Separate Magnetosphere Magnetic Perturbations Measured on Board Low Earth Orbiting Satellites.