11 original. Modifications which I introduced are radical and often far going. In my opinion the Polish text had two main drawbacks. It was overloaded with informal considerations and at the same time formal concepts included in some parts of the book were presented in a too complicated way. Of course one of the motives to revise it was also the fact that much time has passed since I finished writing the Polish version and obviously certain decisions and ideas contained in the first edition seem not quite relevant now. So it is not only the desire to make the exposition clearer but also the reasons of substantial nature which motivated writing a revised version. I do not think it desirable to bother the reader with a detailed discussion of all changes to which the Polish version was subjected and that is why I will confine myself to pointing out only the most significant ones. Explanations concerning logical and set-theoretical notions applied in the book have been shortened as much as possible, in the Polish version one whole chapter was devoted to the discussion of them.

Preface to the English edition.- Preface to the Polish edition.- I Introduction.- 1.1. Mathematical notation.- 1.2. Numerical systems.- 1.3. Elementary systems.- 1.4. States and histories.- 1.5. Complex systems.- 1.6. Empirical phenomena.- 1.7. Phase-space of a phenomenon and some related technical notions.- 1.8. Semi-interpreted languages.- 1.9. Fundamental semantic concepts.- 1.10. Formalized languages and the deductive concept of a theory.- 1.11. A criterion of consistency.- 1.12. The concept of a theory.- II Regularities.- 2.0. Two conventions.- 2.1. Two types of regularities.- 2.2. State-determined phenomena.- 2.3. Mathematical models for state transformations.- 2.4. History-determined phenomena.- 2.5. Definability.- 2.6. Ontological versus semantic definability.- 2.7. Surrounding conditions.- 2.8. Self-determined phenomena.- 2.9. Invariancy.- 2.10. Notes.- III Empirical Theories.- 3.1. Axiomatic versus set theoretical way of defining theories.- 3.2. Theories as deductive systems.- 3.3. The concept of truth.- 3.4. Empirical theories.- 3.5. Two examples of empirical theories.- 3.6. Models and theories of empirical phenomena.- IV Measurement.- 4.1. Semantic conception of measurement.- 4.2. Complete measurement structures.- 4.3. Approximate measurement.- 4.4. Theoretical versus operational conception of measurement.- 4.5. Notes.- V Operational Structures.- 5.0. Introductory assumptions.- 5.1. Verification procedures.- 5.2. Operational structures.- 5.3. A revised notion of regularity.- 5.4. The concept of truth as related to operational structures.- 5.5. Truth by convention.- 5.6. Confirmation procedures.- 5.7. Probabilistic models.- 5.8. Dispersive operational structures.- 5.9. Evolution of empirical theories.- VI Appendix.- 6.1. Complementary tests.- 6.2. Physical systems.- Index of Symbols.- Index of Names.