The defining moments of 2001, the terrorist attacks of September 11 against the UnitedStatesofAmerica,markedaturningpointininternational lawandrelations. Bytheirscaleandaudaciousness, overnighttheyhelpedtopropeltheissueofint- national terrorism to the top of the international security agenda and particularly that of the USA, with consequences for many branches of international law, including the jus ad bellum, the jus in bello, international law relating to terrorism, international human rights law and international criminal law, that were just beginning to be felt as the year closed. The September 11 attacks were immediately characterised by the United States 3 as an act of war,an armed attack on such ascale asto constitute an armed conflict. Its immediate response was to declare a so-called 'Global War on Terrorism'. Avowedly acting in self-defense, on 7 October the US launched armed attacks against Afghanistan, notbecause Afghanistan wasconsidered tobelegally resp- sible for the September 11 attacks but for harbouring and refusing to surrender members of Al Qaeda, including its leader, Osama Bin Laden, and refusing to dismantle terrorist training camps. Although the main target of the attacks was Al Qaeda, the armed conflict that ensued was an international armed conflict between the US and its allies and the state of Afghanistan, notwithstanding that the US never recognised the Taleban as the government of Afghanistan.

Articles.- Transitional Justice in Afghanistan: Confronting Violations of International Humanitarian and Human Rights Law.- Computer Network Attack: The Normative Software.- The Law of Sentencing in International Criminal Law: The Purposes of Sentencing and the Applicable Method for the Determination of the Sentence.- Twenty-Five Years after the Adoption of Additional Protocol II: Breakthrough or Failure of Humanitarian Legal Protection?.- The Evolving Jurisprudence and Practice of East Timor's Special Panels for Serious Crimes on Admissions of Guilt, Duress and Superior Orders.- Transitional Justice in Peace Operations: Shaping the Twilight Zone in Somalia and East Timor.- Current Developments.- The Year in Review.- International Humanitarian Law, the Prohibition of Terrorist Acts and the Fight against Terrorism.- The Moscow Hostage Crisis in the Light of the Armed Conflict in Chechnya.- The ICJ's Judgment in the Case Concerning the Arrest Warrant of 11 April 2000: Some Critical Observations.- The Conference of High Contracting Parties to the Fourth Geneva Convention.- The Second Review Conference of the 1980 Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons.- The Control System under the Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict 1954 and Its Second Protocol.- Correspondents' Reports.- Correspondents' Reports.- Documentation.- Classification of Documents.