The Finite Element Method, shortly FEM, is a widely used computational tool in structural engineering. For basic design purposes it usually suf ces to apply a linear-elastic analysis. Only for special structures and for forensic investigations the analyst need to apply more advanced features like plasticity and cracking to account for material nonlinearities, or nonlinear relations between strains and displacements for geometrical nonlinearity to account for buckling. Advanced analysis techniques may also be necessary if we have to judge the remaining structural capacity of aging structures. In this book we will abstain from such special cases and focus on everyday jobs. Our goal is the worldwide everyday use of linear-elastic analysis, and dimensioning on basis of these elastic computations. We cover steel and concrete structures, though attention to structural concrete prevails. Structural engineers have access to powerful FEM packages and apply them intensively. Experience makes clear that often they do not understand the software that they are using. This book aims to be a bridge between the software world and structural engineering. Many problems are related to the correct input data and the proper interpretation and handling of output. The book is neither a text on the Finite Element Method, nor a user manual for the software packages. Rather it aims to be a guide to understanding and handling the results gained by such software. We purposely restrict ourselves to structure types which frequently occur in practise.

Handling stress singularities in stretched and bended plates

Theory of Plates.- Plate Membrane Theory.- Applications of the Plate Membrane Theory.- Thick Plates in Bending and Shear.- Thin Plates in Bending.- Rectangular Plate Examples.- Circular Membrane Plates.- Circular Thin Plates in Bending.- Didactical Discrete Models.- Discrete Model for Membrane Analysis.- Discrete Model for Plate Bending.- FE-Based Design in Daily Practice.- FEM Essentials.- Handling Membrane FEM Results.- Understanding FEM Plate Bending.- FE Analysis for Different Supports.- Handling Peak Moments.- Sense and Nonsense of Mindlin.- Reinforcement Design Using Linear Analysis.- Special Slab Systems.- Special Topics and Trends.- Case History of Cable-Stayed Wide-Box Bridge.- Shape Orthotropy.- Shape-Orthotropic Membrane Rigidities.- Orthotropic Plates in Bending and Shear.