A comprehensive approach to the problem of forced displacement involves understanding and addressing human rights issues in a multiplicity of forms. This collection aims to contribute to the institutional capacities of the many different players to `operationalise' the human rights of refugees and the internally displaced, by conceptualising the emerging issues and priorities, and advancing policy thinking on human rights and forced displacement. Each of the sections of the book approaches this issue from a different perspective. The section on standards asks: What international human rights standards apply to the forcibly displaced? How do they apply? Have there been failures? Are there gaps in the international standards? Are there conflicts? The section on monitoring reporting asks: Who monitors human rights violations? Who reports the findings, and to whom? What are the respective responsibilities of the different actors? The section on solutions asks where solutions lie: Environmental planning and development? International prosecution of war criminals? Rebuilding legal infrastructures and national institutions? Enhancing the role of human rights NGOs to monitor, report, and frame forced displacement in human rights terms for increased public understanding and interest? The final section looks to the future, and considers where asylum fits into the spectrum of solving the nature of forced displacement today, the capacities and limitations of international criminal tribunals and the co-operative arrangements and practical divisions of labour that need to be fashioned between international agencies, and service relief providers.

Acknowledgments. Preface. I: Standards. 1. Human Rights and Forced Displacement: Converging Standards; J. Fitzpatrick. 2. Human Rights Standards: A Paradigm for Refugee Protection? R. Towle. 3. Forced Displacement: The Relevance of International Humanitarian Law; J.-P. Lavoyer. 4. Forced Displacement and the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; M. Scheinin. 5. The Development of International Standards to Protect Internally Displaced Persons; R. Cohen. II: Monitoring and Reporting. 6. Protecting the Rights of Displaced Children: Some Suggestions for Enhanced Monitoring and Reporting; J. Kunder, B.V. Nylund. 7. Monitoring & Reporting: A Search for New Advocacy Strategies; L.M. MacMillan. 8. Through Rose-Coloured Glasses: UNHCR's Role in Monitoring the Safety of the Rohingya Refugees Returning to Burma; D. Petrasek. 9. Rights and Responsibilities of Refugees and Their Protectors; P. Lyman. III: Solutions. 10. Land and Resource Access Rights and Forced Displacements of People: Can Democracy in the Countryside Help? D.H.M. Cumming. 11. The Future: Articulating Responsibilities to Identify and Bring to Justice Perpetrators of Serious Human Rights Violations and International Crimes; S. Grant. 12. Solutions: Human Rights Verification and Accountability; J.E. Mendez, F. Cox. 13. Human Rights and Forced Displacement: CARE's Perspective on Solutions; A. Jones. 14. A New Role for Human Rights Organisations in Refugee Protection? R. Reilly. IV: The Future. 15. CIS Migration Conference and Program of Action: A Model for Addressing Human Rights and Forced Displacement; M. Rivera Houze. 16. The Future of Refugee Protection; A.C. Helton. 17. Further Promotion and Encouragement of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, Including the Programme and Methods of Work of the Commission: Human Rights, Mass Exoduses and Displaced Persons; F. Deng. 18. United Nations Initiatives in Humanitarian Emergencies Causing Forced Displacement; G. Magazzeni. 19. Turn Back to Look Ahead? Central European Observations on the Future of Regimes Affecting Refugees; B. Nagy. 20. International Criminal Tribunals as a Deterrent to Displacement; N. Pillay. Appendices. Bibliography. Index.