The very nature of international air transportation and outer space activities means that they have an international perspective. This is more evident today than at any time in the past, due to the intensification of trans-boundary trade, the internationalization of the division of work and the acceleration of technological progress. The Asian Institute of Air and Space Law, the Graduate School of Law, Soochow University, Taipei, the International Institute of Air and Space Law, Leiden University, and the Institute of Air and Space Law, McGill University, have instituted international conferences in order to provide a world platform for eminent specialists and scholars. The Tokyo Conference, upon which this excellent collection of papers is based, was concerned with a wide range of legal and practical questions arising from regulatory developments in international air transportation and in the exploration, exploitation and use of outer space and celestial bodies. The main topics of deliberation were: megacarriers in the 21st century, the need to revise the Bermuda Capacity Formula and the Chicago Convention, liability and responsibility in international aviation, safety, security and environment, airline industry competition, legal and political aspects of space transportation and manned space flights, the protection of the space environment and dispute settlement in air and space law. They are discussed in this volume with unparalleled authority.

Preface. Table of cases. Table of treaties and conventions. Table of acronyms and abbreviations. Part one: Regulatory development in international air transport. 1. Coping with competition - profiting through partnerships; T. Kameyama. 2. Government policy and commercial strategy in the 21st century: M.E. Levine. 3. The need to revise the Bermuda capacity formula/ the need to update the Chicago convention; M. Sekiguchi. 4. The Bermuda capacity principle: does it still work? J.N. Shane. 5. Deregulation? Lu Ruiling. Part two: Legal and political aspects of commercial space activities in the 21st century. 6. Policy and legal implications of Asia-Pacific space cooperation; He Qizhi. 7. Satellite communications systems and legal issues in the Asia-Pacific region; T. Kosuge. 8. US Space law: the practical implications of recent case law developments on minimization of litigation; R.B. Trinder. Part three: Liability and responsibility in international aviation safety and security and in the international aviation environment. 9. The liability of international air carriers in a changing era; Doo Hwan Kim. 10. The Warsaw system: Mess up, tear up, or shore up? Bin Cheng. 11. The fate of passenger liability limitation in the Warsaw system; T. Sakamoto. 12. The international fight against terrorism in the air; M. Milde. Part four: Special issues of the international airline industry. 13. Foreign investment in air transport in the emerging multilateral era; P.V. Mifsud. 14. Responsibility of airlines; N. Fukui. 15. Competition in international aviation: the next round; A.F. Lowenfeld. 16. Standardization of safety requirements; D.J. Slijper. 17. 'Open Skies'/'Open markets': The limits to competition; H. Wassenbergh. Part five: The exploration, exploitation and use of outer space, celestial bodies and resources. 18. Ensuring equal access to the benefits of space technology for all countries; N. Jasentuliyana. 19. Cooperation and competition in space transportation; H.P. van Fenema. 20. Legal problems of manned space flight; S. Gorove. 21. Protection of the space environment - Debris and power sources; C.Q. Christol. Part six: Special issues of international air law. 22. New sources of international air law; Chia-Jui Cheng. 23. Jurisdiction and applicable law in aviation cases in Japan; K. Hayashida. 24. Conflict of laws in aviation insurance; R.D. Margo. 25. Aviation personal injury claim settlement practice in Japan; S. Okabe. 26. Settlement of disputes in air and space law; P. Mendes de Leon. Closing remarks. List of speakers, lecturers and session chairmen. List of participants.