Frontmatter -- SECTION ONE: Modeling and Hypothesis Testing in Paleoanthropology -- Hypothesis Testing in Paleoanthropology / PILBEAM, DAVID / VAIsNYS, J. RIMAS -- Discussion -- SECTION TWO: Neogene Hominoids and the Emergence of Hominidae -- Observations on the Paleoecology of South Asian Tertiary Primates / PRASAD, ¿. N. -- The Early Fossil Hominids and Related Apes of the Siwalik Foothills of the Himalayas: Recent Discoveries and New Interpretations / KHATRI, A. P. -- Ramapithecus: A Review of Its Hominid Status / CONROY, GLENN C. / PILBEAM, DAVID -- Remarks on the Reconstruction of the Dental Arcade of Ramapithecus / VOGEL, CHRISTIAN -- Kenyapithecus and Ramapithecus / AGUIRRE, EMILIANO -- Gigantopithecus as a Hominid / ECKHARDT, R. B. -- The Double Descent of Man / KRANTZ, GROVER S. -- Hominoid-Hominid Heterography and Evolutionary Patterns / HULBERT, KATHARINE W. -- Traits of Discontinuity in Human Evolution / YAKIMOV, V. P. -- Discussion -- SECTION THREE: New Perspectives on Australopithecus and Other Early Hominidae -- A New View of Speciation in Australopithecus / CACHEL, SUSAN -- Dietary Adaptations of Australopithecus and Early Homo / WALLACE, JOHN A. -- An Interpretation of the Bone Assemblage from the Kromdraai Australopithecine Site, South Africa / BRAIN, C. K. -- Sexual Dimorphism in the Australopithecines / WOLPOFF, MILFORD H. -- Discussion -- Plates -- SECTION FOUR: The Fate of the Chinese Homo erectus Specimens That Were Lost in 1941 -- The Peking Man Fossils: Progress of the Search / JANUS, CHRISTOPHER G. -- Discussion -- SECTION FIVE: Revised Concepts of Early Man in Java -- Early Man in Java: Catalogue and Problems / KOENIGSWALD, G. H. R. VON -- Morphology and Paleoecology of Early Man in Java / JACOB, TEUKU -- Implications Arising from Pithecanthropus VIII / SARTONO, S. -- An Explanation for the Diastema of Javan Erectus Skull IV / KRANTZ, GROVER S. -- A Study on the Modjokerto Infant Calvarium / RISCUTIA, CANTEMIR -- Discussion -- SECTION SIX: Revised Concepts of Early Man in Europe and the U.S.S.R. -- Ante-Neanderthals of Western Europe / LUMLEY, MARIE-ANTOINETTE DE -- Neanderthal Man: Facts and Figures / HOWELLS, W. W. -- Morphology of a Neanderthal Child from Kiik-Koba in the Crimea / VLCEK, EMANUEL -- Palaeoanthropic Specimens from the Site Zaskalnaya VI in the Crimea / KOLOSSOV, YU. G. / KHARITONOV, V. M. / YAKIMOV, V. P. -- Discussion -- Biographical Notes -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects