Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a disorder that destructs brain functions and results in severe cognitive and emotional disturbances. It is a common reason for mortality and morbidity of human beings globally. Recent researches indicated that the transplanted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can migrate and accommodate into the injured brain sites to contribute in the healing of the damaged brain tissue. The underlying mechanisms behind the action of MSCs are the anti- apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties of these cells beside their ability to release neurotrophic and angiogenic factors. On the other hand, the poor target engagement of TBI delivered therapeutics has extended the opportunities of nanoparticle (NP)-based approaches to improve site-specific drug delivery and bioavailability. The therapeutic strategies via NP delivery system showed promise in exhibiting neuroprotective effect, reducing neurovascular unit disruption and preventing the expansion of biochemical perturbations to the adjacent healthy brain. This book will mainly discuss the updates about the latest therapeutic modalities for TBI hoping to set evidence for treatment of this disorder.