Endodontics is the branch of dentistry concerned with the aetiology, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases and injuries that affect the dental pulp, tooth, root and peri-radicular tissues. In recent years, advances have been made in various aspects of endodontics, from diagnosis to treatment. This has been made possible mainly by a better understanding of the pathophysiology of the pulp and peri-radicular tissues and with the advancement in instruments and material sciences.There have been advances in all aspects of endodontics including assessment of pulpal blood flow, providing three dimensional picture, canal preparation technique, single file system, negative pressure irrigation technique an regeneration of pulp which allow to provide high quality endodontic treatment. Therefore,the advantages of this modern approach are minimising the risk of iatrogenic errors, helping in reducing the number of exposed dentinal tubules, preserving the root dentine and providing more reliable and successful treatment with reduced number of appointments making comfortable to the patient as well as to the dentist.