Frequent occurrences of unusual extreme temperature and rainfall events since last few decades over different parts of the globe are directly or indirectly related to the climate change and it is well accepted in the scientific arena. These variations in temperature and rainfall events greatly influence the agriculture, power generation, and societies. So there is an urgent need to know the magnitude of the extremes and its variability for the welfare of the society. The present book is an attempt to explore the recent trends and variability in extreme temperature and rainfall events over South Asia. This book well described the recent trends and variability in extreme temperature indices like number of hot and cold days and the number of hot and cold nights. Similarly, the seasonal and annual trends and variability in the occurrence of extreme rainfall intensity/events were also covered in this book.