Manufacturing is a prime wealth-creating activity for any nation. Rising environmentaland social concerns have made environmental issues pertinent to industry along withdevelopment. Since manufacturing processes contribute significantly to energy andresource consumption, they are responsible for large amount of carbon emissions. Naturalresources are depleted at a high rate to meet the ever rising demand of industrialdevelopment and this also causes rise in carbon emissions. It also contributes to the threatof climate change, waste management, global warming, and eco-system imbalance. According to a study conducted by International Energy Agency (IEA), manufacturing industries account for one-third of global energy consumption and 36% of net global carbon emissions. The growth of manufacturing is expected tocontinue for a long time to fulfill the aspiring needs of the population in developing andemerging countries.Energy is one of the key inputs for manufacturing. Sustainable development, energysecurity, increasing energy cost, and political compulsions force nations and industry tostrive for energy efficiency. This has motivated/forced the manufacturing organizations toadapt sustainable manufacturing practices. Sustainable manufacturing as defined by theUS department of commerce is the creation of manufactured products by using processeswhich minimize negative environmental impacts, conserve energy and natural resourcesare safe for employees, communities, and consumers and are economically sound. A large and growing number of manufacturers are realizing that sustainable business practices provide financial and environmental benefits.This has led to the development of strategies to improve energy efficiency and reduceenvironmental impacts in the manufacturing sector. From the industrial perspective, newand improved set of management and production practices are required to identify thesustainable energy options and achieve cleaner production.Machining, a key manufacturing activity, has been targeted for energy reductionbecause of its size and importance. Machining uses electrical energy and natural resourcesto convert raw materials into useful products, while creating negative environmentalimpacts. CNC machine tools are widely used in modern machining activities for better precision, repeatability, flexibility, and ability to produce complex shapes. Machine tools are not only dominant electric energy consumers in manufacturing industries but also responsible for high carbon emissions. Their efficiency is less than 30%; hence, machine tools have a major potential for energy efficiency gains and savings.