This book presents a comprehensive overview of our current understanding of mutualism origin, plant-pollinator specificity, mutualism stability, and reciprocal diversification. In particular, it focuses on the natural history and evolutionary history of the third example of obligate pollination mutualism, leafflower-leafflower moth association, which was discovered in the plant family Phyllanthaceae by the lead editor and then established by the editors and their coworkers as an ideal model system for studies of mutualism and the coevolutionary process. This work brings together the knowledge they have gained through an array of research conducted using different approaches, ranging from taxonomy, phylogenetics, ecology, and evolutionary biology to biogeography.

Preface.- Acknowledgments.- Part I Natural History.- 1. Introduction (M. Kato).- 2 History and Natural History of Plants and Their Associates (M. Kato).- 3 Biology of the Obligate Pollination Mutualism (M. Kato and A. Kawakita).- 4 Diversity of Phyllanthaceae (A. Kawakita and M. Kato).- 5 Diversity of Pollinator Moths (A. Kawakita and M. Kato).- 6 Origin of Active Pollination and Mutualism (A. Kawakita and M. Kato).- Part II Ecology.- 7 Reinforced Specificity of Pollinator Moths (A. Kawakita and M. Kato).- 8 Species-Specific Floral Scents as Olfactory Cues in Pollinator Moths (T. Okamoto).- 9 Role of Selective Flower Abortion in the Maintenance of Obligate Pollination Mutualism (R. Goto).- Part III Evolution.- 10 Cospeciation and Host Shift (A. Kawakita and M. Kato).- 11 Reversal of Mutualism (A. Kawakita).- 12 Phyllantheae- Mutualistic Interactions on Oceanic Islands in the Pacific (David Hembry).- 13 Evolution and Diversity of Obligate Pollination Mutualisms (A. Kawakita and M. Kato).- Literature Cited.- Index.