Healthcare is one of the most important components of people¿s life, whether we look at it from individual, national or global perspective, being the object of increasing concern among the states and international communities and organizations. This work analyzes the current state of the Romanian healthcare system, in European context, tracing the reforms which the system has gone through since the fall of communism, capturing and interpreting the true scale of their direct and indirect challenges and outcomes. Also, based on their analysis of the current situation and of the ongoing processes, the authors present their views regarding the way forward and the critical aspects that should be considered by the Romanian political and civil authorities, in order to ensure a consistent and effective reform of the national healthcare system. The book highlights the lessons learned from the past and the experience and best practices of other states, and urges the authorities to use this knowledge as well as the competencies which the European Union and its organisations make available to its member states.