In recent years there has been a growing awareness in the domain of Anthropometric Characteristics and Athletic Performance. Body composition and somatotype of a sportsman has a significant role in sports performance besides other factors like physiological and physical fitness, psychological aspects, skills etc. Requirement of specific physique for good performance in sports had been supported by different studies. Physical characteristics and body composition have been known to be fundamental to excellence in athletic performance. The basic drive of writing this book is to give to the reader a sound overview regarding the significance of anthropometric characteristics of throwers and long distance runners in elite competition. The accomplishment of this book is accredited to the widespread support and help from my supervisor, Dr. G.S. Kang, Professor & Head, Department of Physical Education, Punjabi University, Patiala for his valuable path, noble leadership and thoughtful supervision for the fruitful completion of this study.