This book is a bequest. The author, K. W. Bash, did not live to see its appearance. Though of American parentage, he spent most of his life in Switzerland, where his last professional appointment before his retirement was that of Associate Professor of Psychiatry in Bern. Pro­ fessor Bash made a lasting name for himself with his textbook of psy­ chopathology, his research on Rorschach interpretations and his emi­ nent position in the Jung school of psychological thought. In his last years, however, it was Iranian psychiatry that claimed his main in­ terest. As an expert in the field who also spoke the language, he spent several long periods in Iran, working in an advisory capacity. This book is the product of intensive cross-cultural and epidemiological research, which unfortunately had to be broken off because of the political events in Iran. Nevertheless, editor and publisher count themselves fortunate indeed that it was possible to save the important material that the author had already accumulated from oblivion and to make it accessible to others interested in the field. Prilly-Lausanne C. MULLER Preface The conception of this book originated in our Shiraz Mental Health Survey of 1969170 when, after we had begun epidemiological studies in the villages in 1963, we for the first time gained comparable data from a city. The course of the village studies is described under "Ori­ gins", Part A, Chap. II, and in the chapters on local surveys in Part B.

Tables.- A: Introduction.- I. Background.- II. Origins.- III. General Principles.- IV. General Procedures.- B: Local Surveys.- I. Marvdasht.- II. Khuzestan.- III. The Qashqai.- IV. Shiraz.- C: Psychological Studies.- I. Intelligence.- II. Personality.- Best and Worst Memories; Magic.- 1. Affirmations of Best Memories: Shiraz.- 2. Affirmations of Worst Memories: Shiraz.- 3. Affirmations of Best Memories: Marvdasht.- 4. Affirmations of Worst Memories: Marvdasht.- 5. Affirmations of Best Memories: Khuzestan.- 6. Affirmations of Worst Memories: Khuzestan.- 7. Affirmations of Best Memories: Qalandari and Qashqai.- 8. Affirmations of Worst Memories: Qalandari and Qashqai.- 9. Affirmations of Best Memories: Significance of Intralocal Comparisons.- 10. Affirmations of Worst Memories: Significance of Intralocal Comparisons.- 11. Shiraz, Marvdasht and Khuzestan Surveys: "No Good" and "No Bad" Memories by Age Class, Sex and Literacy: Significance of Comparisons.- 12 a. Affirmations of Worst Memories: Significance of Interlocal Comparisons.- 12 b. Affirmations of Best Memories: Significance of Interlocal Comparisons.- 13 a + b. Affirmations of Worst Memories: Significance of Interlocal Comparisons.- 14. Affirmations of Belief in Magic (Q12).- Psychiatric Questionnaire.- 15. Affirmative Responses to Items from Psychiatric Questionnaire by Sex and Age Group: Shiraz, Marvdasht, Khuzestan.- 16. Affirmative Responses to Items from Psychiatric Questionnaire by Sex and Age Group: Qalandari and Qashqai.- 17. All Surveys. Significance of Differences in Frequency of Affirmative Responses to Items from Psychiatric Questionnaire by Sex and Age Groups Interlocally Compared.- 18. All Surveys. Mean Number per Person of Affirmative Responses to Items from Psychiatric Questionnaire.- 19.Popular Responses to Z Test in Four Shiraz Sub-groups Arranged by Frequencies.- 20. Popular Responses to Z Test in Four Geographical Areas.- 21. Number of Common Popular Z Test Responses in Pairs of Populations.- 22. Number of Common Popular Z Test Responses in Pairs of Shiraz Sub-populations.- 23. Weighting of Determinants for Zulliger and Rorschach Tests.- 24 a. Z Test Characteristics: Shiraz, Non-disordered.- 24 b. Z Test Characteristics: Shiraz, Reactively Disordered.- 24 c. Z Test Characteristics: Qalandari, Non-disordered.- 24 d. Z Test Characteristics of Four Iranian Survey Populations: Adults of Both Sexes, Non-disordered and Disordered Combined.- 25 a. Z Test Characteristics Compared for Significant Differences: Shiraz.- 25 b. Z Test Characteristics Compared for Significant Differences: Qalandari and Shiraz.- 26. Z Test Characteristics of Four Iranian Survey Populations Compared for Significant Differences: Adults of Both Sexes, Non-disordered and Disordered Combined.- 27. Comparison of Certain Z Test Variables and Ratios: All Surveys Except Marvdasht.- 28. Apperceptive Types as Percentage of Total Responses: Attitudinal Values in Practical Notation.- 29. Distribution of Attitudinal Values in Shiraz.- 30. Distributions of Attitudinal Values Outside Shiraz: Non-disordered Subjects Only.- 31. Mean Attitudinal Values for Comparison: Theoretical and Practical Notation.- 32. Frequency of Shocks in Z Test Records from Shiraz and Qalandari.- D: Comparisons and Conclusions.- I. Differential Psychology.- II. Indicators of Psychopathology.- III General Psychiatric Epidemiology.- IV Special Psychiatric Epidemiology.- V. Discussion and Conclusions.- Annexes.- Annex I. No Tables.- Annex II. 1. Psychiatric Hospitals in Iran.- Annex III. 1. Crude Rates per Thousand for Psychiatric Morbidity in the Middle and Far East.