progress in understanding these mechanisms, their realization in differentchemicalstructuresisoverviewed. vii viii Preface Demonstratingtheprogressinaninterdisciplinary?eldofresearchanddev- opment,thisbookisprimarilyaddressedtospecialistswithdifferentbackground- physicists, organic and analytical chemists, and photochemists - to those who developandapplynew?uorescencereporters. Itwillalsobeusefultospecialists inbioanalysisandbiomedicaldiagnostics. Kyiv,Ukraine AlexanderP. Demchenko June2010 Contents PartI GeneralAspects NanocrystalsandNanoparticlesVersusMolecularFluorescent LabelsasReportersforBioanalysisandtheLifeSciences: ACriticalComparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 UteResch-Genger,MarkusGrabolle,RolandNitschke, andThomasNann OptimizationoftheCouplingofTargetRecognition andSignalGeneration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 AnaB. Descalzo,ShengchaoZhu,TobiasFischer,andKnutRurack CollectiveEffectsIn?uencingFluorescenceEmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 AlexanderP. Demchenko PartII EncapsulatedDyesandSupramolecularConstructions FluorescentJ-AggregatesandTheirBiologicalApplications . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 MykhayloYu. LosytskyyandValeriyM. Yashchuk Conjugates,Complexes,andInterlockedSystems BasedonSquarainesandCyanines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 LeonidD. Patsenker,AnatoliyL. Tatarets,OleksiiP. Klochko, andEwaldA. Terpetschnig PartIII Dye-DopedNanoparticlesandDendrimers Dye-DopedPolymericParticlesforSensingandImaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 SergeyM. Borisov,TorstenMayr,Gu¿nterMistlberger,andIngoKlimant ix x Contents Silica-BasedNanoparticles:DesignandProperties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 SongLiang,CarrieL. John,ShupingXu,JiaoChen,YuhuiJin, QuanYuan,WeihongTan,andJuliaX. Zhao LuminescentDendrimersasLigandsandSensors ofMetalIons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 GiacomoBergamini,EnricoMarchi,andPaolaCeroni ProspectsforOrganicDyeNanoparticles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 HiroshiYao PartIV LuminescentMetalNanoclusters Few-AtomSilverClustersasFluorescentReporters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 IsabelD?¿ezandRobinH. A. Ras LuminescentQuantumClustersofGoldasBio-Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 M. A. HabeebMuhammedandT. Pradeep PartV ConjugatedPolymers Structure,EmissiveProperties,andReportingAbilities ofConjugatedPolymers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357 MaryA. Reppy OpticalReportingbyConjugatedPolymers viaConformationalChanges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 RozalynA. SimonandK. PeterR. Nilsson FluorescenceReportingBasedonFRETBetweenConjugated PolyelectrolyteandOrganicDyeforBiosensorApplications . . . . . . . . . . . . 417 Kan-YiPuandBinLiu Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455 PartI GeneralAspects NanocrystalsandNanoparticlesVersus MolecularFluorescentLabelsasReporters forBioanalysisandtheLifeSciences: ACriticalComparison UteResch-Genger,MarkusGrabolle,RolandNitschke,andThomasNann Abstract At the core of photoluminescence techniques are suitable ?uorescent labels and reporters, the spectroscopic properties of which control the limit of detection,thedynamicrange,andthepotentialformultiplexing.

General Aspects.- Nanocrystals and Nanoparticles Versus Molecular Fluorescent Labels as Reporters for Bioanalysis and the Life Sciences: A Critical Comparison.- Optimization of the Coupling of Target Recognition and Signal Generation.- Collective Effects Influencing Fluorescence Emission.- Encapsulated Dyes and Supramolecular Constructions.- Fluorescent J-Aggregates and Their Biological Applications.- Conjugates, Complexes, and Interlocked Systems Based on Squaraines and Cyanines.- Dye Doped Nanoparticles and Dendrimers.- Dye-Doped Polymeric Particles for Sensing and Imaging.- Silica-Based Nanoparticles: Design and Properties.- Luminescent Dendrimers as Ligands and Sensors of Metal Ions.- Prospects for Organic Dye Nanoparticles.- Luminescent Metal Nanoclusters.- Few-Atom Silver Clusters as Fluorescent Reporters.- Luminescent Quantum Clusters of Gold as Bio-Labels.- Conjugated Polymers.- Structure, Emissive Properties, and Reporting Abilities of Conjugated Polymers.- Optical Reporting by Conjugated Polymers via Conformational Changes.- Fluorescence Reporting Based on FRET Between Conjugated Polyelectrolyte and Organic Dye for Biosensor Applications.