This book constitutes the refereed postconference proceedings of the 4th IFIP WG 9.2, 9.6, 11.6, 11.7/FIDIS International Summer School, held in Brno, Czech Republic, in September 2008.

Historic Perspective - Lessons Learned or Not?.- Software Security - The Dangers of Abstraction.- History of Privacy.- Information, Ethics, Identifiers.- Applied Ethics and eHealth: Principles, Identity, and RFID.- Identity Management Systems in Healthcare: The Issue of Patient Identifiers.- A Survey on Transparency Tools for Enhancing Privacy.- Privacy Issues.- When Spiders Bite: The Use, Misuse, and Unintended Consequences of "Silent Information".- Data Retention and Anonymity Services.- A Survey on Non-transferable Anonymous Credentials.- Wireless Security and Privacy.- Security of Wireless Communication.- Enhancing Multilateral Security in and by Reputation Systems.- Challenges of Emerging Technologies.- An Overview of Electronic Passport Security Features.- Location Privacy Issues in Wireless Sensor Networks.- Privacy-Enhanced and Anonymous Applications.- Design and Analysis of a Practical E-Voting Protocol.- Business and Organisational Perspectives.- Comparing Identity Management Frameworks in a Business Context.- Security Policy Satisfiability and Failure Resilience in Workflows.- Privacy Awareness and Individual Control.- User Control Problems and Taking User Empowerment Further.- Privacy Awareness: A Means to Solve the Privacy Paradox?.- Testing Privacy Awareness.- The Relationship between Data Protection Legislation and Information Security Related Standards.- Anonymity Attacks and Analysis.- Investigating Anonymity in Group Based Anonymous Authentication.