This Festschrift volume, published in celebration of the 50th Anniversary of Artificial Intelligence, includes 34 refereed papers written by leading researchers in the field of Artificial Intelligence. The papers were carefully selected from the invited lectures given at the 50th Anniversary Summit of AI, held at the Centro Stefano Franscini, Monte Verità, Ascona, Switzerland, July 9-14, 2006. The summit provided a venue for discussions on a broad range of topics.

Historical and Philosphical Issues.- AI in the 21st Century - With Historical Reflections.- The Physical Symbol System Hypothesis: Status and Prospects.- Fifty Years of AI: From Symbols to Embodiment - and Back.- 2006: Celebrating 75 Years of AI - History and Outlook: The Next 25 Years.- Evolutionary Humanoid Robotics: Past, Present and Future.- Philosophical Foundations of AI.- On the Role of AI in the Ongoing Paradigm Shift within the Cognitive Sciences.- Information Theory and Quantification.- On the Information Theoretic Implications of Embodiment - Principles and Methods.- Development Via Information Self-structuring of Sensorimotor Experience and Interaction.- How Information and Embodiment Shape Intelligent Information Processing.- Preliminary Considerations for a Quantitative Theory of Networked Embodied Intelligence.- A Quantitative Investigation into Distribution of Memory and Learning in Multi Agent Systems with Implicit Communications.- Morphology and Dynamics.- AI in Locomotion: Challenges and Perspectives of Underactuated Robots.- On the Task Distribution Between Control and Mechanical Systems.- Bacteria Integrated Swimming Microrobots.- Adaptive Multi-modal Sensors.- Neurorobotics.- What Can AI Get from Neuroscience?.- Dynamical Systems in the Sensorimotor Loop: On the Interrelation Between Internal and External Mechanisms of Evolved Robot Behavior.- Adaptive Behavior Control with Self-regulating Neurons.- Brain Area V6A: A Cognitive Model for an Embodied Artificial Intelligence.- The Man-Machine Interaction: The Influence of Artificial Intelligence on Rehabilitation Robotics.- Machine Intelligence, Cognition, and Natural Language Processing.- Tests of Machine Intelligence.- A Hierarchical Concept Oriented Representation for Spatial Cognition inMobile Robots.- Anticipation and Future-Oriented Capabilities in Natural and Artificial Cognition.- Computer-Supported Human-Human Multilingual Communication.- Human-Like Intelligence: Motivation, Emotions, and Consciousness.- A Paradigm Shift in Artificial Intelligence: Why Social Intelligence Matters in the Design and Development of Robots with Human-Like Intelligence.- Intrinsically Motivated Machines.- Curious and Creative Machines.- Applying Data Fusion in a Rational Decision Making with Emotional Regulation.- How to Build Consciousness into a Robot: The Sensorimotor Approach.- Robot Platforms.- A Human-Like Robot Torso ZAR5 with Fluidic Muscles: Toward a Common Platform for Embodied AI.- The iCub Cognitive Humanoid Robot: An Open-System Research Platform for Enactive Cognition.- Intelligent Mobile Manipulators in Industrial Applications:Experiences and Challenges.- Art and AI.- The Dynamic Darwinian Diorama: A Landlocked Archipelago Enhances Epistemology.