This state-of-the-art survey features papers that were selected after an open call following the International Dagstuhl Seminar on Algorithmic Methods for Railway Optimization. The second part of the volume constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Algorithmic Methods and Models for Optimization of Railways. The 17 full papers presented here were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions.

State of the Art.- The Modeling Power of the Periodic Event Scheduling Problem: Railway Timetables - and Beyond.- Cyclic Railway Timetabling: A Stochastic Optimization Approach.- Timetable Information: Models and Algorithms.- Estimates on Rolling Stock and Crew in DSB S-tog Based on Timetables.- A Capacity Test for Shunting Movements.- Railway Crew Pairing Optimization.- Integer Programming Approaches for Solving the Delay Management Problem.- Decision Support Tools for Customer-Oriented Dispatching.- Proceedings of ATMOS 2004.- An Integrated Methodology for the Rapid Transit Network Design Problem.- A Simulation Approach of Fare Integration in Regional Transit Services.- Intelligent Train Scheduling on a High-Loaded Railway Network.- Platform Assignment.- Finding All Attractive Train Connections by Multi-criteria Pareto Search.- The Railway Traveling Salesman Problem.- Rotation Planning of Locomotive and Carriage Groups with Shared Capacities.- An Estimate of the Punctuality Benefits of Automatic Operational Train Sequencing.- Online Delay Management on a Single Train Line.