Historical structures have an important role in the cultural heritage of societies. They are important works of art that beautify cities, rivers, mountains and everywhere that they were built. However, they may affected by several destructive reasons such as earthquakes, fires, floods, wars, vandalisms etc. One of the main destructive factors of historical masonry structures are earthquakes. Many important historical structures damaged and destroyed due to this reason. Therefore, investigation of structural behaviors of these structures is essential. The purpose of this book is to give, in brief, detail investigation and evaluation about the structural behavior of historical masonry structures using the results obtained from finite element analyses, ambient vibration tests, model updating and linear-nonlinear earthquake response. It is intended as a reference book for engineers and scientists working in industry and academia.