In this book we have described most important and basic molecular diagnostic tests which are the future of medical field. The diagnostic tests include Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Dipstick, PCR, Real-Time PCR, LAMP Assay, Microarray, Flow Cytometry, Biosensors and DNA sequencing. In this book we have made an attempt to explain how the issues of diagnosis of different genetic and non genetic ailments are addressed successfully through molecular diagnostic tests. This book also tells us why Molecular diagnostic tests possess high sensitivity, high precision and at the same time error free and how these tests are better than the classical, native immunological and biochemical based tests. In addition, these molecular diagnostic tests also have added advantages like user friendly data acquisition, analysis and quick results. Molecular diagnostic tests mentioned above are found to be beneficial in saving lives of millions.