This book contains complete information on Capsicum genetic resources, diversity, evolution, history and advances in capsicum improvement from classical breeding to whole genome sequencing, genomics, databases and its impact on next generation pepper breeding. Capsicum is one of the most important Solanaceae crops grown worldwide as vegetables and spices. Due to its high economic value and to meet the demands of enormous population growth amid biotic and abiotic stresses, there has been an ongoing breeding program utilizing available genetic resources with desired traits to increase the sustainable productivity of this crop for several decades. However, the precision breeding of this crop for desired traits only started with the advent of molecular markers. The recent advances in high-throughput genome sequencing technologies helped in the quick decoding of transcriptome, epigenome, nuclear and organeller genomes, thereby enhancing our understanding of the structure and function of theCapsicum genome, and helping in genomics assisted breeding. These advanced technologies coupled with conventional mapping have greatly contributed towards dissection and manipulation of economically important traits more precisely and made less time consuming.

Introduction.- Genetic resources in Capsicums.- Classical genetics and traditional breeding.- Cytology and DNA content variation of Capsicum genomes.- Development and evolution of molecular markers and genetic maps in Capsicum species.- Molecular mapping and identification of QTLs/ genes for economically important traits in Capsicum genome.- Genome sequencing of Capsicum species.- Sequencing of organelle genomes in Capsicum.- Landscape of noncoding RNA genes in capsicum genome.- Epigenome landscape in Capsicum genome.- Revisiting Origin, Evolution and Phylogenetics of Capsicums in the Genomics era.- Capsicum genome sequence databases.- Impact of genomics on germplasm characterization & gene discovery in Capsicums.