This book compiles and presents new developments in statistical causal inference. The accompanying data and computer programs are publicly available so readers may replicate the model development and data analysis presented in each chapter. In this way, methodology is taught so that readers may implement it directly. The book brings together experts engaged in causal inference research to present and discuss recent issues in causal inference methodological development. This is also a timely look at causal inference applied to scenarios that range from clinical trials to mediation and public health research more broadly. In an academic setting, this book will serve as a reference and guide to a course in causal inference at the graduate level (Master's or Doctorate). It is particularly relevant for students pursuing degrees in statistics, biostatistics, and computational biology. Researchers and data analysts in public health and biomedical research will also find this book to be animportant reference.

Includes software and data sets so readers may replicate analyses

Part I. Overview.- 1. Causal Inference ¿ A Statistical Paradigm for Inferring Causality.- Part II. Propensity Score Method for Causal Inference.- 2. Overview of Propensity Score Methods.- 3. Sufficient Covariate, Propensity Variable and Doubly Robust Estimation.- 4. A Robustness Index of Propensity Score Estimation to Uncontrolled Confounders.- 5. Missing Confounder Data in Propensity Score Methods for Causal Inference.- 6. Propensity Score Modeling & Evaluation.- 7. Overcoming the Computing Barriers in Statistical Causal Inference.- Part III. Causal Inference in Randomized Clinical Studies.- 8. Semiparametric Theory and Empirical Processes in Causal Inference.- 9. Structural Nested Models for Cluster-Randomized Trials.- 10. Causal Models for Randomized Trials with Continuous Compliance.- 11. Causal Ensembles for Evaluating the Effect of Delayed Switch to Second-line Antiretroviral Regimens.- 12. Structural Functional Response Models for Complex Intervention Trials.- Part IV. Structural Equation Models for Mediation Analysis.- 13.Identification of Causal Mediation Models with An Unobserved Pre-treatment Confounder.- 14. A Comparison of Potential Outcome Approaches for Assessing Causal Mediation.- 15. Causal Mediation Analysis Using Structure Equation Models.