Beschreibung:
This book provides a systematic assessment of the performance of electric and hybrid buses in urban areas on a daily basis and presents a complete set of technical scenarios to promote their efficient exploitation. It will also help readers understand how future buses will perform on specific roads and how the latest technologies can be integrated into existing fleets by proposing a methodology for evaluating the energy consumption for general and specific routes and scenarios.
Systematically assesses the performance of electric and hybrid buses in urban areas
-1 Hybrid and electrical propulsion systems.- 2 System architecture mathematical models and simulation.- 3 Propulsion systems- fleet usage.- 4 Virtual road infrastructure.- 5 Simulation in the loop- case study.- 6 Evaluation and optimisation of the propulsion system.- 7 Energy efficiency evaluation-case study.- 8 Conclusions.- 9 References.