The molecular and genetic signatures of cancer are represented in the peripheral circulation and other body fluids, giving rise to the ¿liquid biopsy¿ concept. This new paradigm of molecular profiling of cancer cells offers several advantages over traditional tissue biopsy. It is convenient, noninvasive, conforms to current clinical practice, enables real time disease monitoring and the study of tumor evolution, can easily be sampled multiple times, and this sample is more representative of the heterogeneous cancer cells than biopsy sampling. Indeed, all aspects of cancer molecular genetic information, stemming from DNA (both nuclear and mitochondria), RNA (coding and noncoding), peptides and proteins, metabolites and lipids are present in body fluids as free, cell surface bound or enclosed in membrane vesicles, and are being harnessed for disease management. Additionally, circulating tumor, and tumor stem cells provide prognostic information, and also enable the study of the intricate molecular processes associated with metastasis and drug resistance. This treatise deals with the general principles of the molecular pathology of cancer, and its associated imprints in circulation. The transitional process from discovery, prototype development, translational research, to product development can be complex and costly. The critical path to biomarker development and qualification for successful use in drug development is detailed herein as well.This book is of interest to Cancer Researchers, Oncologists, Clinicians, Surgeons, Medical Students, Nurses, Diagnostic Laboratories, and Pharmaceutical Industries.¿¿

Presents cancer biomarkers for noninvasive diagnosis of 18 different body fluids

PART ONE: SYNOPSIS OF CANCER BIOMARKERS Chapter 1: An Overview of Cancer Biomarkers Chapter 2: Bodily Fluids and Cancer Biomarkers   PART TWO: CANCER BIOMARKERS IN CIRCULATION Chapter 3: Circulating Nonspecific Cancer Nucleic Acids Chapter 4: Circulating Cancer Epigenome Chapter 5: Circulating Cancer Genome Chapter 6: Circulating Cancer Transcriptome Chapter 7: Circulating Cancer Noncoding Transcriptome Chapter 8: Circulating Cancer Peptidome/Proteome Chapter 9: Circulating Cancer Metabolome Chapter 10: Circulating Cancer Mitochondrial Genome Chapter 11: Circulating Cancer Cells and Tumor Stem Cells   PART THREE: CANCER BIOMARKERS IN TISSUE-SPECIFIC BODY FLUIDS Chapter 12: Skin Cancer Biomarkers in Exfoliated Skin Cells Chapter 13: Head and Neck Cancer Biomarkers in Saliva and Oral Rinses Chapter 14: Lung Cancer Biomarkers in Sputum, Bronchoalveolar Lavage, and Exhaled Breath Chapter 15: Breast Cancer Biomarkers in Nipple Aspirate Fluid, Ductal Lavage, and Fine Needle Aspirates Chapter 16: Gastric Cancer Biomarkers in Gastric Fluid Chapter 17: Hepatobiliary Cancer Biomarkers in Bile Chapter 18: Pancreatic Cancer Biomarkers in Pancreatic Juice Chapter 19: Colorectal Cancer Biomarkers in Stool Chapter 20: Renal Cancer Biomarkers in Urine Chapter 21: Urinary Bladder Cancer Biomarkers in Urine Chapter 22: Prostate Cancer Biomarkers in Urine and Expressed Prostatic Secretions Chapter 23: Testicular Cancer Biomarkers in Semen Chapter 24: Ovarian Cancer Biomarkers in Blood and Ovarian epithelial brushes/washes Chapter 25: Endometrial Cancer Biomarkers in Menstrual Flow Chapter 26: Endometriosis Biomarkers in Menstrual Flow Chapter 27: Cervical, Vaginal and Vulval Cancer Biomarkers in Secretions or Swaps of Anatomic Sites Chapter 28: Biomarkers of Hematologic Malignancies in Circulating Leukocytes and Bone Marrow Aspirates Chapter 29: Nervous System Cancer Biomarkers in Cerebrospinal Fluid