A first comprehensive synopsis of all aleocharine rove beetle species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) recorded from eastern Canada, from Ontario to the Maritime Provinces inclusively, is presented. Four hundred and seven species in 96 genera, and 16 tribes are presented and discussed.Tribes and subtribes are arranged in presumably phylogenetic order as it is currently recognized. Genera and subgenera are listed alphabetically. Species are listed alphabetically or in species groups to better reflect their relationships. Species distribution is listed by abbreviated provinces and territories in Canada and abbreviated states in the United States. Geographic status is given to every species as Native, Holarctic or adventive with some species listed with undetermined status - adventive or Holarctic. Every treated species is presented with a diagnosis, including short description of body and description of the median lobe of aedeagus, spermatheca, and tergite and sternite VIII of both sexes. For each species a plate with colour habitus image and black and white images of genital structures is provided to aid with positive identification. Collection and habitat data (often new) are presented for each species, including data on macrohabitat, microhabitat, collecting period, and collecting methods.

Introduction.- Historical review of research on Canadian taxa.- Material and methods.- Faunal composition of eastern Canadian Aleocharinae.- Discussion and synoptic table of eastern Canadian Aleocharinae.- List of recorded species in eastern Canada.- Key to tribes of Aleocharinae occurring in eastern Canada.- Tribe Gymnusini Heer, 1839.- Tribe Aleocharini Fleming, 1821.- Tribe Hoplandriini Casey, 1910.- Tribe Oxypodini C.G. Thomson, 1859.- Tribe Tachyusini C.G. Thomson, 1859.- Tribe Boreocyphini Klimaszewski and Langor, 2011.- Tribe Hypocyphtini Laporte, 1835.- Tribe Myllaenini Ganglabauer, 1895.- Tribe Diglottini Jacobson, 1909.- Tribe Autaliini C.G. Thomson, 1859.- Tribe Homalotini Heer, 1839.- Tribe Placusini Mulsant and Rey, 1871.- Tribe Athetini Casey, 1910.- Tribe Geostibini Seevers, 1978.- Tribe Falagriini Mulsant and Rey, 1873.- Tribe Tribe Lomechusini Fleming, 1821.- Tribe Taxicerini Lohse, 1989.