The biorefinery, integration of processes and technologies for biomass conversion, demands efficient utilization of all components. Hydrothermal processing is a potential clean technology to convert raw materials such as lignocellulosic and aquatic biomass into bioenergy and high added-value compounds. This book aims to show fundamental concepts and key technological developments that enabled industrial application of hydrothermal processing. The scope of this book is primarily for scientists working in the biorefinery field as well as engineers from industry and potential investors in biofuels. Therefore, the information in this book will provide an overview of this technology applied to lignocellulosic materials and aquatic biomass, and especially new knowledge. Critically, this book brings together experts in the application of hydrothermal processes on lignocellulosic and aquatic biomass.

Introduction Book.- Effect of Hydrothermal Pretreatment on Lignin and Antioxidant Activity.- Effect of Hydrothermal Processing on Hemicellulose Structure.- Response of Biomass Species to Hydrothermal Pretreatment.- Kinetic Modeling, Operational Conditions and Biorefinery Products from Hemicellulose: Depolymerization and Solubilization during Hydrothermal Processing.- Combined Severity Factor for Predicting Sugar Recovery in Acid Catalyzed Pretreatment Followed by Enzymatic Hydrolysis.- Hydrothermal Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Bioethanol Production.- Hydrothermal Pretreatment: Process Modeling and Economic Assessment within the Framework of Biorefinery Processes.- Bioethanol Production from Pretreated Solids Using Hydrothermal Processing.- Production and Emerging Applications of Bioactive Oligosaccharides from Biomass Hemicelluloses by Hydrothermal Processing.- Production of Hemicellulases, Xylitol and Furan from Hemicellulose Hydrolysates Using Hydrothermal Pretreatment.- Steam Explosion as a Hydrothermal Pretreatment in the Biorefinery Concept.- Adaptation of Severity Factor Model According to the Operating Parameters Variations which occur during Steam Explosion Process.- Hydrothermal Pre-treatment Using Supercritical CO2 in the Biorefinery Context.- Scale-up Hydrothermal Pre-treatment of Sugarcane Bagasse and Straw for Second-Generation Ethanol Production.- Pilot Plant Design and Operation Using a Hydrothermal Pretreatment: Bioenercel Experience.- Techno-economic Aspects in the Evaluation of Biorefineries for Production of Second Generation Bioethanol.- Minimizing Precipitated Lignin Formation and Maximizing Monosugar Concentration by Formic Acid Reinforced Hydrolysis of Hardwood Chips.- Microwave-assisted Hydrothermal Processing of Seaweed Biomass.- Hydrothermal Processes for Extraction of Macroalgae high Value added Compounds.- Hydrothermal Processing of Microalgae.