Current and historical research methods in approximation theory are presented in this book beginning with the 1800s and following the evolution of approximation theory via the refinement and extension of classical methods and ending with recent techniques and methodologies. Graduate students, postdocs, and researchers in mathematics, specifically those working in the theory of functions, approximation theory, geometric function theory, and optimization will find new insights as well as a guide to advanced topics.

On the L2 Markov Inequality with Laguerre Weight.- Markov-Type Inequalities for Products of Muntz Polynomials Revisited.- On Bernstein-Type Inequalities for the Polar Derivative of a Polynomial.- On Two Inequalities for Polynomials in the Unit Disk.- Inequalities for Integral Norms of Polynomials via Multipliers.- Some Rational Inequalities Inspired by Rahman's Research.- On an Asymptotic Equality for Reproducing Kernels and Sums of Squares of Orthonormal Polynomials.- Two Walsh-Type Theorems for the Solutions of Multi-Affine Symmetric Polynomials.- Vector Inequalities for a Projection in Hilbert Spaces and Applications.- A Half-Discrete Hardy-Hilbert-Type Inequality with a Best Possible Constant Factor Related to the Hurwitz Zeta Function.- Quantum Integral Inequalities for Generalized Convex Functions.- Quantum integral inequalities for generalized preinvex functions.- On the Bohr inequality.- Bernstein-Type Polynomials on Several Intervals.- Best Approximation by LogarithmicallyConcave Classes of Functions.- Local approximation using Hermite functions.- Approximating the Riemann Zeta and Related Functions.- Overconvergence of Rational Approximants of Meromorphic Functions.- Approximation by Bernstein-Faber-Walsh and Szász-Mirakjan-Faber-Walsh Operators in Multiply Connected Compact Sets of C.- Summation Formulas of Euler-Maclaurin and Abel-Plana: Old and New Results and Applications.- A New Approach to Positivity and Monotonicity for the Trapezoidal Method and Related Quadrature Methods.- A Unified and General Framework for Enriching Finite Element Approximations.