The aim of this edited book is to provide health professionals, across a wide variety of specialisms, with a targeted access to evolutionary medicine. Throughout the book, the views of both medical and evolutionary scientists on the latest relevant research is presented with a focus on practical implications. The inclusion of boxes explaining the theoretical background as well as both a glossary for technical terms and a lay summary for non- specialists enable medical researchers, public health professionals, policy makers, physicians, students, scholars and the public alike to quickly and easily access appropriate information. This edited volume is thus relevant to anyone keen on finding out how evolutionary medicine can improve the health and well-being of people.

Preface.- Chapter 1: Applying evolutionary thinking in medicine: an introduction.- Chapter 2: "Foetal-maternal conflicts" and adverse outcomes in human pregnancies.- Chapter 3: Obstructed labour: the classic obstetric dilemma and beyond.- Chapter 4: Bottle feeding: the impact on postpartum depression, birth spacing and autism.- Chapter 5: Sudden Infant Death Syndrome.- Chapter 6: The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease: adaptation reconsidered.- Chapter 7: Is calculus relevant to survival? Managing the evolutionary novelty of modern education.- Chapter 8: Binge eating, Disinhibition and obesity.- Chapter 9: Evolutionary aspects of the dietary omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio: medical implications.- Chapter 10: Evolutionary paradigms in cardiology: the case of chronic heart failure.- Chapter 11: Evolutionary imprints on cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology.- Chapter 12: Darwinian Strategies to Avoid the Evolution ofDrug Resistance During Cancer Treatment.- Chapter 13: Why chemotherapy does not work: cancer genome evolution and the illusion of oncogene addiction.- Chapter 14: Evolution, Infection, and Cancer.- Chapter 15: Microbes, Parasites and Immune diseases.- Chapter 16: Evolutionary principles and Host Defense.- Chapter 17: Helminth immunoregulation and Multiple Sclerosis treatment.- Chapter 18: Inflammaging and its role in ageing and age-related diseases.- Chapter 19: Dementias of the Alzheimer type: views through the lens of evolutionary biology suggest amyloid-driven brain aging is balanced against host defence.- Chapter 20: The Evolutionary Etiologies of Autism Spectrum and Psychotic-Affective Spectrum Disorders.- Chapter 21: Why are humans vulnerable to Alzheimer's Disease?.- Chapter 22: Evolutionary approaches to depression: prospects and limitations.- Chapter 23: The ups and downs of placebos.