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Introduction.- Perioperative medicine and anesthesia.- PART I Perioperative care before surgery.- Preoperative evaluation.- Preoperative preparation.- Prehospital care and transport.- PART II Perioperative care during surgery.- Perioperative care in day hospital surgery.- Perioperative care in remote locations.- Perioperative care in orthopedic surgery.- Perioperative care of the neurosurgical patient.- Perioperative care in thoracic surgery.- Perioperative care in abdominal and urological surgery.- PART III Perioperative care in special situations and conditions.- Perioperative care of children with difficult airway.- Perioperative care of children with neuromuscular disease.- Perioperative care of children with metabolic disease.- Perioperative care in children with congenital heart disease.- Perioperative care of children with OSA.- Perioperative care of children with trauma.- Perioperative care of children with cancer.- Perioperative care of children with cerebral palsy and behavioural problems.- PART IV Important techniques for perioperative care.- Vascular and nonvascular access in the perioperative period.- US-guided nerve targets.- Noninvasive hemodynamic and respiratory monitoring during the perioperative period.- PART V. Early and long term consequences of anesthesia and surgery.- Negative behavior after surgery.- Acute pain prevention and control.- How to protect the infant brain during surgery .- Can anesthesia induce apoptosis in children?- Long-term consequences of anesthesia and surgery on the infant brain.- Prevention of chronic postsurgical pain.