The extravasation of cytotoxic agents can result in severe local tissue damage and medical emergencies during tumour therapy. This revised compendium is intended to help clinicians assess any situation speedily and with certainty. The general section of the book includes topics such as predisposition, prevention, type of harm, general measures in handling extravasated drugs, specific antidotes, and documentation. In the 2nd edition, the scientific information contained in the general section and relating to the actual substances has been updated. The substance specific part of the book includes detailed instructions on handling more than 50 cytotoxic drugs, to initiate targeted measures. Templates for an extravasation set, overview tables, documentation sheets, and patient information, as we as a CD-ROM are included to support clinical practice. The book is the outcome of a consensus of an interdisciplinary working group that has collected and systematically reviewed all published literature on the topic.

"The extravasation of cytotoxic agents can result in severe local tissue damage and medical emergencies during tumour therapy. This revised compendium is intended to help clinicians assess any situation speedily and with certainty. The general section of the book includes topics such as predisposition, prevention, type of harm, general measures in handling extravasated drugs, specific antidotes, and documentation. In the 2nd edition, the scientific information contained in the general section and relating to the actual substances has been updated. The substance specific part of the book includes detailed instructions on handling more than 50 cytotoxic drugs, to initiate targeted measures. Templates for an extravasation set, overview tables, documentation sheets, and patient information, as we as a CD-ROM are included to support clinical practice. The book is the outcome of a consensus of an interdisciplinary working group that has collected and systematically reviewed all published literature on the topic."

Problem outline Literature search methods
General partIntroduction and definitions (Robert Mader)
Incidence of extravasations
Definition
Type of damage
Potential damage mechanisms
Damage mechanisms of the anthracyclines
Necrosis potential of individual cytotoxic agents
Predisposition and prevention (Ines Mader)
Risk factors
Risk factors associated with patients
Medication-related risk factors
Iatrogenic risk factors
Risk factors associated with central venouscatheter systems Prevention
Patient education/information
Clinical practice (Ines Mader)
Peripheral venous extravasations
Central venous extravasations
Histopathological investigations
Differential diagnosis
Thrombophlebitides
Cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions
Systemic hypersensitivity reactions
Recall phenomena
Photosensitivity
Measures (Robert Mader)
General unspecific measures in peripheral venous access
General unspecific measures in central venous access
Specific measures/antidotes
Topical cooling
Dry heat
Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)
Hyaluronidase
Dexrazoxane
5-Fluorouracil (Sabine Wassertheurer)
Fotemustine (Patrizia Fürst-Weger)
Gemcitabine (Sabine Wassertheurer)
Idarubicin (Elisabeth Nogler-Semenitz)
Ifosfamide (Patrizia Fürst-Weger)
Irinotecan (Ines Mader)
Melphalan (Patrizia Fürst-Weger)
Methotrexate (Sabine Wassertheurer)
Mitomycin C (Elisabeth Nogler-Semenitz)
Mitoxantrone (Elisbeth Nogler-Semenitz)
Nimustine (Patrizia Fürst-Weger)
Oxaliplatin (Patrizia Fürst-Weger)
Paclitaxel (Ines Mader)
Pegaspargase (Patrizia Fürst-Weger)
Pemetrexed (Sabine Wassertheurer)
Pentostatin (Sabine Wassertheurer)
Raltitrexed (Sabine Wassertheurer)
Streptozocin (Patrizia Fürst-Weger)
Teniposide (Ines Mader)
Thiotepa (Patrizia Fürst-Weger)
Topotecan (Ines Mader)
Treosulfan (PatriziaFürst-Weger
Trimetrexate (Sabine Wassertheurer)
Vinblastine (Ines Mader)
Vincristine (Ines Mader)
Vindesine (Ines Mader)
Vinorelbine (Ines Mader)
Subject Index