In this handbook, a group of 40 scholars and practitioners from some 30 countries takes a critical look at the contemporary practice of diplomacy. Many assume diplomacy evolves naturally, and that state- and non-state actors are powerless to make significant changes. But Diplomacy¿s methods, its key institutions and conventions were agreed more than six decades ago. None take account of the opportunities and vulnerabilities presented by the Internet. Diplomacy is now a neglected global issue.

Part I. Introduction.- 1. Diplomacy the Neglected Global Issue. Why Diplomacy Needs to Catch Up with the World (Paul Webster Hare).- Part II. State of Diplomacy.- 2. The Closing of the Diplomatic Mind (Kenneth Weisbrode).- 3. A Diplomatic Taxonomy for the New World Disorder (Chas W. Freeman Jr.).- 4. Knowledge Diplomacy - A Conceptual Analysis (Jane Knight).- 5. Why Reforms Are Needed for Bilateral Diplomacy? A Global South Perspective (Kishan S. Rana).- 6. The 21st Century Toolbox for a Modern Diplomat (Seppe Verheyen).- Part III. Politicization of Diplomacy.- 7. Diplomats and Politicization (Pauline Kerr).- 8. Digital Diplomacy and International Society in the Age of Populism (Onur Erpul).- 9. Declining Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Evidence from China (Qingmin Zhang and Lize Yang).- 10. South Africa and its Foreign Alignment and Practice: From Hope to Dashed Expectations (Tony Leon).- Part IV. Reforming Institutions.- 11. From Great Expectations to Dwindling Status: Brazilian Diplomacy's Response to Post-Cold War Upheavals (Antônio Carlos Lessa and Rogério de Souza Farias).- 12. Crisis Prevention and Stabilization Made in Germany: Meeting the Demands of Modern Diplomacy? (Sarah Bressan).- 13. Integrated Statecraft and Australia's Diplomacy (Tom Barber and Melissa Conley Tyler).- 14. What Motivates South Korea's Diplomatic Reform and Innovation? (HwaJung Kim).- 15. The Transformations of French Diplomacy (Maxime Lefebvre).- Part V. Digital Revolution and Diplomatic Reform.- 16. Digital Diplomacy in the Time of the Coronavirus Pandemic: Lessons and Recommendations (Corneliu Bjola and Michaela Coplen).- 17. Exploring the Usefulness of Artificial Intelligence for Diplomatic Negotiations: Two Case Studies (Volker Stanzel).- 18. Beyond Meeting and Tweeting: The Next Challenges for Innovation in Diplomacy (Tom Fletcher).- 19. Disinformation and Diplomacy (Juan Luis Manfredi-Sánchez and Zhao Alexandre Huang).- 20. Digitalizing South American MFAs: Reform and Resistance (Jorge Heine and Daniel Aguirre).- Part VI. Multilateral Diplomacy and Innovation.- 21. Toward a More Credible Multilateralism at the United Nations. A Few Practical Steps (Bénédicte Frankinet).- 22. A New Logic of Multilateralism on Demand (Akiko Fukushima).- 23. About Spheres of Influence (Chas W. Freeman Jr.).- 24. Regional Diplomacy and its Variations: Change and Innovation (Rajiv Bhatia and Kishan S. Rana).- 25. African Union Reform (Emmanuel Balogun and Anna Mwaba).- 26. Why Collective Diplomacy Needs to Embrace Innovation (Martin Wählisch).- 27. Innovating International Cooperation for Development: a New Model for Partnerships between Developed and Middle Income Countries (José Antonio Zabalgoitia and Antonio Tenorio).- 28. The UAE's Innovative Diplomacy: How the Abraham Accords Changed (or Did Not Change) Emirati Foreign Policy (William Guéraiche).- 29. Small States: From Intuitive To Smart Diplomacy (Vesko Gar¿evi¿).- 30. Urban Diplomacy: How Cities Will Leverage Multilateralism (Juan Luis Manfredi-Sánchez).- Part VII. Diplomatic Agenda.- 31. Reforming Global Health Diplomacy in the Wake of COVID-19 (Mark C. Storella).- 32. The Reform of Humanitarian Diplomacy (Gregory Simons and Anna A. Velikaya).- 33. Geoeconomic Diplomacy: Reforming the Instrumentalization of Economic Interdependencies and Power (Kim B. Olsen).- 34. Science Diplomacy with Diplomatic Relations to Facilitate Common-Interest Building (Paul Arthur Berkman).- 35. Multi-stakeholderism and the 2030 Agenda: Does the Promise Hold? (Karin Bäckstrand and Felicitas Fritzsche).- 36. The Reform of Climate Diplomacy (Andrew Gilder and Olivia Trumble).- Part VIII. Conclusions.- 37. Conclusions (Paul Webster Hare).