With contributions by leading theoreticians, this book presents the discoveries of hitherto hidden connections between seemingly unrelated fields of fundamental physics. The topics range from cosmology and astrophysics to nuclear-, particle- and heavy-ion science. A current example concerns the sensitivity of gravitational wave spectra to the phase structure of dense nuclear and quark matter in binary neutron star collisions. The contributions by Hanauske and Stoecker as well as Banik and Bandyopadhyay relate the consequent insights to hot dense nuclear matter created in supernova explosions and in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. Studies of the equation of state for neutron stars are also presented, as are those for nuclear matter in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. Other reviews focus on QCD-thermodynamics, charmed mesons in the quark-gluon plasma, nuclear theory, extensions to the standard general theory of relativity, new experimental developments in heavy ion collisions and renewable energy networks. The book will appeal to advanced students and researchers seeking a broad view of current challenges in theoretical physics and their interconnections.

What the azimuthal distribution of heavy mesons tells us about the Quark Gluon Plasma? (J. Aichelin , P.B. Gossiaux, M. Nahrgang, K. Werner).- Limiting temperature, phase transition(s), crossover, etc. (M. I. Gorenstein).- The charming beauty of the strong interaction (L. Tolos).- Novel physics opportunities at the HESR-Collider with PANDA at FAIR (L. Frankfurt, M.Strikman, A. Larionov, A. Lehrach, R. Maier, H. van Hees, Ch. Spieles, V. Vovchenko, H. Stoecker).- Regge Trajectories of Radial Meson Excitations: Exploring the Dyson-Schwinger-Bethe-Salpeter Approach (R. Greifenhagen, B. Kämpfer, L. P. Kaptari).- The Physics Case for the FAIR/NICA Energy Region (J. Cleymans).- Structure and Width of the d*(2380) Dibaryon (A. Gal).- Dense Matter in Neutron Star: Lessons from GW170817 (S. Banik, D. Bandyopadhyay).- Quark Matter in Neutron Stars (W. M.Spinella, F. Weber, G.A.Contrera, M.G. Orsaria).- Binary Compact Star Mergers and the Phase Diagram of Quantum Cromodynamics (M.Hanauske, L.Bovard, H.Stoecker).- Simulations of accretions disks at the frequency used of the Event Horizon Telescope (P.O. Hess).- Generic Theory of Geometrodynamics from Noether's theorem for the Diff(M) symmetry group (J. Struckmeier, D. Vasak, J.Kirsch).- High-resolution Experiments with Exotic Nuclei and Mesic Atoms (H. Geissel, G. Münzenberg, C. Scheidenberger).- Walter Greiner, a Pioneer in Super Heavy Element Research Historical Remarks and New Experimental Developments (G. Münzenberg, H. Geissel, C. Scheidenberger).- Collective Motion and the Asymmetric-Matter Equation-of-State (W. Trautmann).- Photon absorption and electron scattering by endohedrals (M.Ya. Amusia).- Power flows in complex renewable energy networks (M. Schäfer, B. Tranberg, M. Greiner).- On configuration space, Born's rule and ontological states (H.T. Elze).- Photon Scattering off Nuclei (H. Arenhövel).- A Confluence of Ideas and Experiments - a Tribute to Professor Walter Greiner (J.W. Harris).- Pions in matter matter (Ch. Hartnack).- Die erste Stunde (The First Hour) (J. Rafelski).- In Memoriam Walter Greiner 1935 - 2016. Was bleibt? (A. Faessler).