This handbook examines the effects and influences on child and youth development of prejudice, discrimination, and inequity as well as other critical contexts, including implicit bias, explicit racism, post immigration processes, social policies, parenting and media influences. It traces the impact of bias and discrimination on children, from infancy through emerging adulthood with implications for later years. The handbook explores ways in which the expanding social, economic, and racial inequities in society are linked to increases in negative outcomes for children through exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Chapters examine a range of ACEs - low income, separation/divorce, family substance abuse and mental illness, exposure to neighborhood and/or domestic violence, parental incarceration, immigration and displacement, and parent loss through death. Chapters also discuss discrimination and prejudice within the adverse experiences of African American, Asian American, European American, Latino, Native American, Arab American, and Sikh as well as LGBTQ youth and non-binary children. Additionally, the handbook elevates dynamic aspects of resilience, adjustment, and the daily triumphs of children and youth faced with issues related to prejudice and differential treatment.

PART 1: FRAMING LIFECOURSE IMPACTS OF PREJUDICE.- Chapter 1. Ethnic and Racial Prejudice Across the Lifespan.- Chapter 2. Experience of Intergenerational Transmission of Trauma on Identity.- PART 2: INFANCY THROUGH CHILDHOOD.- Chapter 3. Prejudice, Pregnancy, and Early Childhood Development.- Chapter 4. Understanding Implications of Systems of Privilege Within the Field of Early Childhood Education for American Indian and Alaska Native Children.- Chapter 5. Implicit and Explicit Forms of Prejudice in Childhood.- Chapter 6. Prejudice Against Latino Children in the United States.- Chapter 7. An Ecological Approach to Childhood Prejudice: The Case of Arab Americans.- Chapter 8. Discord Disrupts Discourse: Prejudice and Muslim Children.- Chapter 9. The Effects of Stereotypes on American Indian Children Inside and Outside of the Classroom.- Chapter 10. In the Nyitting Time: The Journey of Identity Development for Western Australian Aboriginal Children and Youth and the Interplay of Racism.- Chapter 11. Teacher Race and Other Race-Related Socialization Factors as Moderators of Achievement Outcomes Among African American Children.- PART 3: TRANSITION TO YOUTH.- Chapter 12. Racial Discrimination and Adjustment Among Asian American Youth: Vulnerability and Protective Factors in the Face of "Chinks", "Dog-eaters", and "Jackie Chan".- Chapter 13. When Things Go Viral: Youth's Discrimination Exposure in the World of Social Media.- Chapter 14. Gender Prejudice and Subsequent Development of Dating Violence, Intersectionality Among Youth.- Chapter 15. LGBTQ Youth and Sexual Minority-Related Prejudice.- Chapter 16. (No) Space for Prejudice! How Negative Outgroup Attitudes Develop or May Be Prevented in the Classroom.- Chapter 17. Racial Socialization in Early Childhood Contexts: Implications for Prejudice Development.- Chapter 18. Feeling of Being Caught Between Family and Peer Settings: Cultural Incongruence and Adolescent Well-being.- PART 4. YOUTH TO ADOLESCENCE.- Chapter 19. Youth of Color in Care: Intersecting Identities and Vulnerabilities.- Chapter 20. Understanding the Complex Relations Between Discrimination and Prosocial Behaviors in Latino Youth in the United States.- Chapter 21. Experiences of Discrimination and Prejudice Among Native American Youth: Links to Psychosocial Functioning.- Chapter 22. Mistaken Identities, Discrimination, and Sikh Youth Development.- Chapter 23. Juvenile Injustice: A System Developed to Facilitate Youth Development that Challenges Healthy Outcomes.- Chapter 24. The Role of Gender Nonconformity in Identity-Based Victimization of LBGTQ Youth.- PART 5. FROM ADOLESENCE TO EMERGING ADULTHOOD.- Chapter 25. Adolescents and the Psychological Impact of the Acting White Accusation.- Chapter 26. Ethnic/Racial Identity as a Moderator of the Relationship Between Discrimination and Adolescent Outcomes.- Chapter 27. Online Racial Discrimination, Adjustment, and the Protective Function of Adolescent Cultural Assets.- Chapter 28. Latino Adolescents' Experiences with Ethnic Discrimination and Protective Factors: A Practical Understanding.- Chapter 29. African American Adolescents Speak: A Mixed-Methods Investigation of Racial Identity, Individual Race-Related Stress, and Depressive Symptoms.- Chapter 30. Dreamers: Growing up in America.- Chapter 31. Sexual Stigma and Sexual Prejudice: Understanding the Unique Experiences of Sexual Minority Male Youth.- Chapter 32. "Are You a Boy or a Girl?" The Impact of Gender-Based Prejudice on Gender Diverse Children.- Chapter 33. Gender Nonconformity During Adolescence: Links with Stigma, Sexual Minority Status, and Psychosocial Outcomes.- Chapter 34. "I Can Feel that People Living Here Don't Like Chinese Students": Perceived discrimination and Chinese International Student Adaptation.- Chapter 35: A Developmental Science Perspective on Children and Prejudice.