Noting that a traditional understanding of Paul as "convert" from Judaism has fueled false and often dangerous stereotypes of Judaism, and that the so-called "new perspective on Paul" has not completely escaped these stereotypes, Franti¿ek Ábel has gathered leading international scholars to test the hypotheses of the more recent "Paul within Judaism" movement. Though hardly monolithic in their approach, these scholars' explorations of specific topics concerning Second Temple Judaism and Paul's message and theology allow a more contextually nuanced understanding of the apostle's thought, one free from particular biases rooted in unacknowledged ideologies and traditional interpretations transmitted by particular church traditions.Contributors include Franti¿ek Ábel, Michael Bachmann, Daniel Boyarin, William S. Campbell, Kathy Ehrensperger, Paula Fredriksen, Jörg Frey, Joshua Garroway, Karl-Wilhelm Niebuhr, Isaac W. Oliver, Shayna Sheinfeld, and J. Brian Tucker.

Part 1: Paul the Apostle in the Context of Complexities and Variedness of Second Temple JudaismChapter 1 God Is Jewish, but Gentiles Don't Have To Be: Ethnicity and Eschatology in Paul's Gospel Paula FredriksenChapter 2 The Anti-Judaic Moment in the "Pauline" Doctrine of Justification - A (Protestant) Misinterpretation of the Relevant Statements in Paul's Letters Michael BachmannChapter 3 From Nomos to Logos: Torah in First Century Jewish Texts Shayna SheinfeldChapter 4 Does Paul Need to Be a Covenantal Jew in Order to Be a Jew? Isaac W. OliverChapter 5 Paul in Light of the Dead Sea Scrolls: Some Considerations Regarding Paul's Position Within Judaism Jörg FreyChapter 6 Jesus, Paul, and the Pharisees: Observations on Their Commonalities and Their Understanding of Torah Karl-Wilhelm NiebuhrPart 2: The Particular Issues of Paul's Message within Second Temple JudaismChapter 7 Abraham in the Divine Purpose according to Paul: the Reception of Abraham Tradition in Romans 4 and Romans 9 William S. CampbellChapter 8 Ioudaismos within Paul: A Modified Reading of Galatians 1:13-14 Daniel BoyarinChapter 9 Trouble in Galatia: What Should be Cut? (On Gal 5:12) Kathy EhrenspergerChapter 10 ¿¿¿¿¿ According to Paul: The Concept of ¿¿¿¿¿ in Galatians in the Context of Paul's Divine Vocation František ÁbelChapter 11 Gentiles Identifying with Moses and Israel's Story in 1 Corinthians 10:1-13: Evaluating Aspects of the Wright-Hays Interpretive Framework J. Brian TuckerChapter 12 Second Corinthians 3 "Within Judaism" Joshua Garroway