The literature that references personal data collection risks is growing amidst international scandals, notably the Cambridge Analytica/Facebook interference in the Brexit referendum and 2016 US Presidential election as well as other elections in countries throughout our world. Questions of fundamental importance to the study and practice of international relations are being asked as concerns are expressed, including the most pressing that speak to accountability, the ethics of use in local areas, and the impact on the vulnerable populations that information and communications technologies (ICTs) promise to serve. Yet, the editors observe that in key texts written to teach international relations, less mention is made of personal data collection risks in countries around the globe. This book addresses this significant omission in the literature. The editors and contributors to this volume consider the limitations of existing theories in international relations to address the present context, as personal data collection risks become more significant in a COVID-19 world.

Acknowledgements; Foreword by Prof. John Sexton-President Emeritus, New York University Word Clouds by Leslie Elizabeth Prosy, New York University; Introduction by Colette Mazzucelli, James Felton Keith, and Andrea Adams; Part I Chapter 1 Data to the People? Surveillance Capitalism and the Need for a Legal Reconceptualisation of Personal Data beyond the Notion of Privacy Jakub Wojciech Kibitlewski; Chapter 2 Human Subjects, Digital Protocols: The Future of Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) and Digital Research in Vulnerable Communities Charles Martin-Shields and Ziad Al Achkar; Part II Chapter 3 Rome vs. Regions: Government in Italy during COVID-19: Implications for the Future of the European Union (EU) Christian Rossi, Colette Mazzucelli, and David C. Unger; Chapter 4 Roma Lives Matter under the COVID-19 Pandemic: But More So for Populist Nationalism Andras L. Pap; Chapter 5 Ethics of Personal Data Collection in Bosnia- Herzegovina (BiH) Mary Kate Schneider; Part III Chapter 6 Lessons from the Ebola Epidemic in Sierra Leone: The Importance of State, INGO, and Local Network Actors Thynn Thynn Hlaing and Emilie J. Greenhalgh; Chapter 7 The Digital 'Marketplace of Ideas': The Need for a Human Rights-Centred, Multi-stakeholder Approach to Cyber Norms Laura Salter; Conclusion by Colette Mazzucelli, Andrea Adams, and Anna Grichting; Afterword by Annette Richardson, Special Advisor, Office of the Executive Director and Under Secretary-General, UN Women; List of Contributors; Index