Over the last two decades, advances in the design, miniaturization, and analytical capabilities of portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) instrumentation have led to its rapid and widespread adoption in a remarkably diverse range of applications in research and industrial fields. The impetus for this volume was that, as pXRF continues to grow into mainstream use, analysts should be increasingly empowered with the right information to safely and effectively employ pXRF as part of their analytical toolkit. This volume provides introductory and advanced-level users alike with readings on topics ranging from basic principles of pXRF and qualitative and quantitative approaches, through to machine learning and artificial intelligence for enhanced applications. It also includes fundamental guidance on calibrations, the mathematics of calculating uncertainties, and an extensive reference index of all elements and their interactions with X-rays. Contributing authors have provided a wealth of information and case studies in industry-specific chapters. These sections delve into detail on current standard practices in industry and research, including examples from agricultural and geo-exploration sectors, research in art and archaeology, and metals industrial and regulatory applications.

Introduction; Principles of X-ray Fluorescence; Qualitative Analysis using pXRF; Quantitative Analysis; Features of Portable XRF Devices and their Safe Handling; Industrial Applications of pXRF; Regulatory Applications of XRF for Elemental Analysis - Rapid Screening and Accurate Quantitative Analysis of Toxic and Nutrient Elements in Consumer Products; Chemical Analysis of Natural Waters Using Portable X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry; X-ray fluorescence Applications in Agriculture; Subsurface Characterization for Energy Applications; In situ X-ray Spectrometers in Space Exploration; Evolution of Portable Devices: Using EDXRF to Study Works of Art; Quantitative Analysis of Archaeological and Historical Brasses Using Handheld X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry; pXRF Analysis of Heritage Glass; Reproducibility and Validity of Portable ED-XRF Instruments: A Comparison of Spectral and Quantitative Results from Belizean and Ethiopian Obsidian; Uncertainty and pXRF Measurements; Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and XRF; Element Guide