Fabled for more than three thousand years as fierce warrior-nomads and cameleers dominating the western Trans-Saharan caravan trade, today the Sahrawi are admired as soldier-statesmen and refugee-diplomats. This is a proud nomadic people uniquely championing human rights and international law for self-determination of their ancient heartlands: the western Sahara Desert in North Africa. Konstantina Isidoros provides a rich ethnographic portrait of this unique desert society's life in one of Earth's most extreme ecosystems. Her extensive anthropological research, conducted over nine years, illuminates an Arab-Berber Muslim society in which men wear full face veils and are matrifocused toward women, who are the property-holders of tent households forming powerful matrilocal coalitions. Isidoros offers new analytical insights on gender relations, strategic tribe-to-state symbiosis and the tactical formation of 'tent-cities'.The book sheds light on the indigenous principles of social organisation - the centrality of women, male veiling and milk-kinship - bringing positive feminist perspectives on how the Sahrawi have innovatively reconfigured their tribal nomadic pastoral society into globalising citizen-nomads constructing their nascent nation-state. This is essential reading for those interested in anthropology, politics, war and nationalism, gender relations, postcolonialism, international development, humanitarian regimes, refugee studies and the experience of nomadic communities.

ble of ContentsACKNOWLEDGEMENTS GLOSSARY NOTES ON TRANSLATION AND TRANSLITERATION INTRODUCTION PART I A SHIMMERING MIRAGE SITUATING SAHR?W? REFUGEES BETWEEN IDENTITY, PLACE AND SOVEREIGNTY OVERTURES TO SCEPTICISM THE LOGIC OF NOMADIC MOVEMENT AND DWELLING PART II HAREM: THE TENT AND THE BREAST THE OTHER SIDE OF THE MASHRAB?YAH CIRCULATING MALES: FEMALE ECONOMIES OF AFFECTION VEILED MALES AND UNRESTRICTED FEMALES PART III THE NAKED CITY TENTED CITIES AND THE TENT-STATE WOMEN AS POLITICAL ARCHITECTS THRESHOLD: PATRIARCHY AND THE STATE BIBLIOGRAPHY ENDNOTES