Despite considerable progress in research and practice in the constructive transformation of intractable conflicts beginning in the 1970s, many terribly destructive conflicts have recently erupted. New circumstances have emerged that have resulted in regressions.The contributions in this book examine many of the new challenges and obstacles to the transformation of intractable conflicts. It also offers an array of new and promising opportunities for constructive transformations. The book brings together analyses of U.S.-based conflicts with those from many regions of the world. International, intra-state, and local conflicts are explored, along with those that have been violent and non-violent. The diversity in disciplines among the authors provides a wide range of theoretical approaches to explaining how a variety of intractable conflicts can be transformed.Case studies of local, national, and transnational conflicts serve to illustrate this new landscape. These analyses are complemented by conceptual discussions relating to new conflict systems, actors, dynamics and strategies. Policy implications of findings are also presented.

IntroductionGalia Golan, Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Louis Kriesberg, Syracuse UniversityChapter 2: Gendered Perspective on Intractable Conflicts and Power SharingAyelet Harel-Shalev, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevChapter 3: Mapping and Monitoring Global Insecurity and the Global Illicit Economy: The Effects of Intractable ConflictsMargaret Hermann, Syracuse UniversityChapter 4: Unrecognized States: Theory, Cases, and Policy ImplicationsKristy Buzard, Syracuse University; Benjamin A.T. Graham, University of Southern California; Ben HorneChapter 5: Transformation of Armed Conflict: Lessons from the Arab-Israeli ConflictGalia Golan, Hebrew University of JerusalemChapter 6: Dynamics Contexts of Conflict: Complicated Actors and Settings in Northern IrelandRonit Berger, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Herzliya, IsraelChapter 7: Social Media Use and Fear Levels after the Paris 2015 Attacks: A Comparative StudyBernard Enjolras, Institute for Social Research in Oslo, Norway; Shana Kushner Gadarian, Syracuse University; Kari Steen-Johnsen, Institute for Social Research in Oslo, NorwayChapter 8: The Creation of Space for Conflict Change: Context, Society and Leadership in Northern Ireland during the 1990sNimrod Rosler, Tel Aviv UniversityChapter 9: Between Ripeness and Necessity: Responsibility to Protect (R2P) and the Tipping Point for External InterventionTimea Spitka, Hebrew UniversityChapter 10: Global Imbalances, Currency Wars, and U.S. HegemonyStuart Brown, Syracuse UniversityChapter 11: Responding to Gun Murders in Syracuse, NY: A Multilevel, Multimodal Interventions ApproachRobert Rubinstein, Syracuse University; Sandra D. Lane, Syracuse University; Timothy "Noble" Jennings-Bey, Street Addiction Institute, Inc., Syracuse, NY; Najah SalaamChapter 12: Intergroup Dialogue, Constructive Conflict and Social Power: Towards Transforming InequalityDiane Swords, Intergroup Dialogue Program, Syracuse UniversityChapter 13: Transforming Conflicts: Barriers and Overcoming ThemDaniel Bar-Tal, Tel Aviv UniversityChapter 14: Back to the Tribes: Tribes' Centrality in Iraq's Inter-community RapprochementAmatzia Baram, University of HaifaChapter 15: U.S. and North Korea: A Gordian ConflictStuart Thorson, Syracuse University; Hyunjin Seo, University of KansasChapter 16: Transit Migration, Borders, and Activism: Understanding the Changing Geographies and Temporalities of International MigrationJared Van Ramshorst and Jamie Winders, Syracuse UniversityChapter 17: Transforming Intractable Conflicts under the Shadow of the Past: The Sunk Cost and Inaction Inertia EffectsLesley Terris, Lauder School of Government, Policy and Diplomacy of the Interdisciplinary Center; Orit E. Tykocinski, Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC)Chapter 18: Velvet Transformation in South Africa: Mandela, De Klerk, or Something ElseMordechai Tamarkin, Tel Aviv UniversityChapter 19: The Fractal Nature of Intractable Conflict: Implications for Sustainable TransformationJoshua Fisher and Peter T. Coleman, Columbia UniversityChapter 20: From Peacebuilding to Constructive Conflict Management: Reconsidering Intervention under Conditions of IntractabilityBruce W. Dayton, SIT Graduate Institute, School for International TrainingConclusion: Looking ForwardCatherine Gerard, Syracuse University and Miriam Elman, Syracuse University