Essays in this volume seek to clarify the meaning of tragedy and the tragic in its many German contexts, art forms, and disciplines, from literature and philosophy to music, painting, and history.The many catastrophes of German history have often been described as tragic. Consequently, German literature, music, philosophy, painting, and even architecture are rich in tragic connotations. Yet exactly what "tragedy" and "thetragic" may mean requires clarification. The poet creates a certain artful shape and trajectory for raw experience by "putting it into words"; but does putting such experience into words (or paintings or music or any other form) betray suffering by turning it into mere art? Or is it art that first turns mere suffering into tragic experience by revealing and clarifying its deepest dimension? What are we talking about, exactly, when we talk about tragic experience and tragic art, especially in an age in which, according to Hannah Arendt, evil has become banal? Does banality muffle or even annul the tragic? Does tragedy take suffering and transform it into beauty, as Schiller thought?Is it in the interest of truth for suffering to be "beautiful"? Is it possible that poetry, music, and art are important because they in fact create the meaning of suffering? Or is suffering only suffering and not accessible to meaning, tragic or otherwise? This book comprises essays that seek to clarify the meaning of tragedy and the tragic in its many German contexts, art forms, and disciplines, from literature and philosophy to music, painting, and history. Contributors: Jeffrey A. Bernstein, Stephen D. Dowden, Wolfram Ette, Jennifer Anna Gosetti-Ferencei, Barbara Hahn, Karsten Harries, Felicitas Hoppe, Joseph P. Lawrence, James McFarland, Karen Painter, Bruno Pieger, Robert Pirro, Thomas P. Quinn, Mark W. Roche, Helmut Walser Smith. Stephen D. Dowden is Professor of German language and literature at Brandeis University. Thomas P. Quinn is an independent scholar.

Introduction: The Pursuit of UnhappinessThe Confinement of Tragedy: Between Urfaust and WoyzeckGoethe's Faust as the Tragedy of ModernityBefore or Beyond the Pleasure Principle: Goethe's Wahlverwandtschaften and the Tragedy of EntsagungHölderlin und das TragischeNietzsche, Büchner, and the BluesFreud und die TragödieThe Death of Tragedy: Walter Benjamin's Interruption of Nietzsche's Theory of TragedyRosenzweig's Tragedy and the Spectacles of Strauss: The Question of German-Jewish HistoryRequiem for the Reich: Tragic Programming after the Fall of StalingradThe Strange Absence of Tragedy in Heidegger's ThoughtThe Tragic Dimension in Postwar German PaintingVestiges of the TragicAtrocity and Agency: W. G. Sebald's Traumatic Memory in the Light of Hannah Arendt's Politics of Tragedy"Stark and Sometimes Sublime": Hannah Arendt's Reflections on TragedyThe German Tragic: Pied Pipers, Heroes, and SaintsAfterword: Searching for a Standpoint of RedemptionNotes on the ContributorsIndex