Essays exploring medieval castration, as reflected in archaeology, law, historical record, and literary motifs.Castration and castrati have always been facets of western culture, from myth and legend to law and theology, from eunuchs guarding harems to the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century castrati singers. Metaphoric castration pervadesa number of medieval literary genres, particularly the Old French fabliaux - exchanges of power predicated upon the exchange or absence of sexual desire signified by genitalia - but the plain, literal act of castration and its implications are often overlooked. This collection explores this often taboo subject and its implications for cultural mores and custom in Western Europe, seeking to demystify and demythologize castration. Its subjects includearchaeological studies of eunuchs; historical accounts of castration in trials of combat; the mutilation of political rivals in medieval Wales; Anglo-Saxon and Frisian legal and literary examples of castration as punishment; castration as comedy in the Old French fabliaux; the prohibition against genital mutilation in hagiography; and early-modern anxieties about punitive castration enacted on the Elizabethan stage. The introduction reflects on these topics in the context of arguably the most well-known victim of castration in the middle ages, Abelard. LARISSA TRACY is Associate Professor of Medieval Literature at Longwood University. Contributors: Larissa Tracy, Kathryn Reusch, Shaun Tougher, Jack Collins, Rolf H. Bremmer Jr, Jay Paul Gates, Charlene M. Eska, Mary A. Valante, Anthony Adams, Mary E. Leech, Jed Chandler, Ellen Lorraine Friedrich, Robert L.A. Clark, Karin Sellberg, LenaWånggren

Introduction: A History of Calamities: The Culture of Castration - Larissa TracyRaised Voices: The Archaeology of Castration - Kathryn ReuschThe Aesthetics of Castration: The Beauty of Roman Eunuchs - Shaun TougherAppropriation and Development of Castration as Symbol and Practice in Early Christianity - Jack Collins'Al defouleden is holie bodi': Castration, the Sexualization of Torture, and Anxieties of Identity in the South English Legendary - Larissa TracyThe Children He Never Had; The Husband She Never Served: Castration and Genital Mutilation in Medieval Frisian Law - Rolf H. BremmerThe Fulmannod Society: Social Valuing of the (Male) Legal Subject - Jay Paul Gates'Imbrued in their owne bloud': Castration in Early Welsh and Irish Sources - Charlene EskaCastrating Monks: Vikings, the Slave Trade, and the Value of Eunuchs - Mary A. Valante'He took a stone away': Castration and Cruelty in the Old Norse Sturlunga saga - Anthony AdamsThe Castrating of the Shrew: The Performance of Masculinity and Masculine Identity in La dame escolliee - Mary E LeechEunuchs of the Grail - Jed ChandlerInsinuating Indeterminate Gender: A Castration Motif in Guillaume de Lorris's Romans de la rose - Ellen Lorraine FriedrichCulture Loves a Void: Eunuchry in Eunuchry in De Vetula and Jean Le Fèvre's La Vieille - Robert L. A. ClarkThe Dismemberment of Will: Early Modern Fear of Castration - Lena Wånggren and Karin Sellberg