The Fundamentals of Human Embryology covers embryonic development, with a unique focus on adult anatomy. Its goal is to impart to students a comprehensive overview of how the human embryo forms, not only as a basis for the student of human anatomy, but also as a link to abnormalities they may encounter in their clinical careers. Extensively illustrated with labeled line drawings, now enlarged for better visibility, this concise manual will meet the needs of both undergraduate and postgraduate students in the Human Sciences.Special features include:. Separate chapters on the neural crest, the skull and osteogenesis. In-depth coverage of head and neck embryology, including the development of the tooth, for students of dentistry, and speech and audiologyIn this Second Edition of the manual at the request of students and teachers, the authors have made the following changes:. Increased the size of the diagrams. Revised the text to comply with the Federative International Committee on Anatomical Terminology changes to the Terminologia Embryologica. Altered the sequencing of some topics to allow the development to flow more logically. Included an appendix of coloured photographs of congenital abnormalities to help students form a more realistic idea of developmental abnormalities.

PREFACEINTRODUCTIONTerminologyAdvice to the Student about EmbryologyCHAPTER ONE: Preparation of Gametes for Embryonic DevelopmentTHE CELLMitosisMeiosisOogenic' Meiosis'Spermatogenic' MeiosisGametogenesisFertilisation and CleavageCHAPTER TWO: Formation of the Embryo and ImplantationFORMATION OF THE EMBRYOThe Fate of the MesodermDerivatives of the Paraxial MesodermDerivative of the Intermediate MesodermDerivatives of the Lateral Plate MesodermImplantation, Placentation and Extra-embryonic MembranesPlacenta FormationThe Fate of the Extra-embryonic MembranesFORMATION AND FATE OF THE INTRA-EMBRYONICAND EXTRA-EMBRYONIC COELOMATAFormation of the Extra-embryonic CoelomFormation of the Intra-embryonic CoelomThe Fate of the Intra-embryonic CoelomCHAPTER THREE: OrganogenesisTHE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMThe Earliest Blood VesselsEarly Heart DevelopmentFormation of Bilateral Atrioventricular CanalsSeptation of the AtriumExpansion of the Left AtriumFormation of the 'Spiral' Septum of the Truncus ArteriosusFormation of the Semilunar ValvesSeptation of the VentricleFormation of the Atrioventricular ValvesFormation of the Coronary Arteries and VeinsDevelopment of the Systemic ArteriesFate of the Pharyngeal Arch ArteriesFate of the Branches of the Dorsal AortaDevelopment of Limb ArteriesUpper LimbLower LimbDevelopment of VeinsVitelline and Umbilical VeinsFormation of the Portal VeinDevelopment of the Lymphatic SystemThe Conducting System of the HeartAnatomical and Physiological Changes to the Circulation at BirthGASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT AND RELATED STRUCTURESDevelopment of Structures of Head and NeckDevelopment of the FaceDerivatives of the StomodeumDevelopment of the Hypopyhsis Cerebri (Pituitary Gland)DEVELOPMENT OF NOSE AND PALATEDEVELOPMENT OF THE TEETHTHE PHARYNX AND ITS DERIVATIVESDevelopment of the Pharyngeal ArchesThe Pharyngeal GroovesThe Pharyngeal PouchesThe Development of the TongueThe Development of the Thyroid GlandDevelopment of the Salivary GlandsThe Development of the Gastro-intestinal TractDevelopment of the Stomach and DuodenumDevelopment of the MidgutDevelopment of the HindgutDevelopment of Associated Gastro-intestinal Organs and the SpleenSpleenLiverPancreasDevelopment of the DiaphragmDEVELOPMENT OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEMUROGENITAL SYSTEMUrinary SystemDevelopment of the KidneyDevelopment of the Urinary Bladder and UrethraFormation of the Prostate GlandGenital SystemThe Indifferent GonadDevelopment of the Testis and its Relationship to the Mesonephric DuctDevelopment of the Ovary and UterusDevelopment of the External GenitaliaDEVELOPMENT OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEMCentral Nervous SystemEarly DevelopmentDevelopment of the Spinal CordGeneral Development of the BrainDevelopment of the TelencephalonFormation of the Cerebral CortexDevelopment of the DiencephalonCombined Development of the Telencephalon and DiencephalonDevelopment of the MidbrainFormation of the Choroidal Fissure and Choroid PlexusFormation of the Commissures of the BrainThe Rostral GroupThe Posterior GroupDevelopment of the RhombencephalonDevelopment of the CerebellumDevelopment of the Peripheral Nervous SystemThe Cranial NervesSpinal NervesThe Autonomic Nervous SystemDevelopment of Pre- and Postganglionic FibresDevelopment of Sympathetic TrunkDevelopment of Prevertebrate GangliaDevelopment of Primary and Secondary Sympathetic OutflowsTHE NEURAL CRESTOrigin of Neural Crest CellsMigration of Neural Crest CellsCranial Neural CrestTrunk Neural CrestThe Ailing Neural CrestDevelopment of the EyeGeneral DevelopmentDevelopment of the Optic CupDevelopment of the Ciliary BodyDevelopment of the IrisDevelopment of the LensDevelopment of the External Layers of the EyeDevelopment of the EarStructures Developing in the Membranous LabyrinthSkeletal and Muscular SystemsDevelopment of a Typical VertebraDevelopment of the Myotome and Associated Nervous ElementsDevelopment of the LimbsDevelopment of the External Features of the LimbsDevelopment of the Internal Structures of the LimbsDevelopment of Limb JointsDevelopment of the Limb MusculatureInnervation of the LimbsDevelopment of the Arteries of the LimbsVenous Drainage of the LimbsRotation of the LimbsOsteogenesisIntramembranous OssificationEndochondral OssificationRemodelling of BoneThe Development of the SkullDevelopment of the NeurocraniumDevelopment of the BasicraniumDevelopment of the ViscerocraniumGrowth of the SkullDiploëSutural GrowthFontanellesThe Development of the Temporomandibular JointThe Integument (The Skin and its Appendages)EpidermisDermisHairSebaceous GlandsSweat (Sudoriferous) GlandsMammary GlandsNailsINDEXAPPENDIXTHE FUNDAMENTALSPREFACEINTRODUCTIONTerminologyAdvice to the Student about EmbryologyCHAPTER ONE: Preparation of Gametes for Embryonic DevelopmentTHE CELLMitosisMeiosisOogenic' Meiosis'Spermatogenic' MeiosisGametogenesisFertilisation and CleavageCHAPTER TWO: Formation of the Embryo and ImplantationFORMATION OF THE EMBRYOThe Fate of the MesodermDerivatives of the Paraxial MesodermDerivative of the Intermediate MesodermDerivatives of the Lateral Plate MesodermImplantation, Placentation and Extra-embryonic MembranesPlacenta FormationThe Fate of the Extra-embryonic MembranesFORMATION AND FATE OF THE INTRA-EMBRYONICAND EXTRA-EMBRYONIC COELOMATAFormation of the Extra-embryonic CoelomFormation of the Intra-embryonic CoelomThe Fate of the Intra-embryonic CoelomCHAPTER THREE: OrganogenesisTHE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMThe Earliest Blood VesselsEarly Heart DevelopmentFormation of Bilateral Atrioventricular CanalsSeptation of the AtriumExpansion of the Left AtriumFormation of the 'Spiral' Septum of the Truncus ArteriosusFormation of the Semilunar ValvesSeptation of the VentricleFormation of the Atrioventricular ValvesFormation of the Coronary Arteries and VeinsDevelopment of the Systemic ArteriesFate of the Pharyngeal Arch ArteriesFate of the Branches of the Dorsal AortaDevelopment of Limb ArteriesUpper LimbLower LimbDevelopment of VeinsVitelline and Umbilical VeinsFormation of the Portal VeinDevelopment of the Lymphatic SystemThe Conducting System of the HeartAnatomical and Physiological Changes to the Circulation at BirthGASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT AND RELATED STRUCTURESDevelopment of Structures of Head and NeckDevelopment of the FaceDerivatives of the StomodeumDevelopment of the Hypopyhsis Cerebri (Pituitary Gland)DEVELOPMENT OF NOSE AND PALATEDEVELOPMENT OF THE TEETHTHE PHARYNX AND ITS DERIVATIVESDevelopment of the Pharyngeal ArchesThe Pharyngeal GroovesThe Pharyngeal PouchesThe Development of the TongueThe Development of the Thyroid GlandDevelopment of the Salivary GlandsThe Development of the Gastro-intestinal TractDevelopment of the Stomach and DuodenumDevelopment of the MidgutDevelopment of the HindgutDevelopment of Associated Gastro-intestinal Organs and the SpleenSpleenLiverPancreasDevelopment of the DiaphragmDEVELOPMENT OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEMUROGENITAL SYSTEMUrinary SystemDevelopment of the KidneyDevelopment of the Urinary Bladder and UrethraFormation of the Prostate GlandGenital SystemThe Indifferent GonadDevelopment of the Testis and its Relationship to the Mesonephric DuctDevelopment of the Ovary and UterusDevelopment of the External GenitaliaDEVELOPMENT OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEMCentral Nervous SystemEarly DevelopmentDevelopment of the Spinal CordGeneral Development of the BrainDevelopment of the TelencephalonFormation of the Cerebral CortexDevelopment of the DiencephalonCombined Development of the Telencephalon and DiencephalonDevelopment of the MidbrainFormation of the Choroidal Fissure and Choroid PlexusFormation of the Commissures of the BrainThe Rostral GroupThe Posterior GroupDevelopment of the RhombencephalonDevelopment of the CerebellumDevelopment of the Peripheral Nervous SystemThe Cranial NervesSpinal NervesThe Autonomic Nervous SystemDevelopment of Pre- and Postganglionic FibresDevelopment of Sympathetic TrunkDevelopment of Prevertebrate GangliaDevelopment of Primary and Secondary Sympathetic OutflowsTHE NEURAL CRESTOrigin of Neural Crest CellsMigration of Neural Crest CellsCranial Neural CrestTrunk Neural CrestThe Ailing Neural CrestDevelopment of the EyeGeneral DevelopmentDevelopment of the Optic CupDevelopment of the Ciliary BodyDevelopment of the IrisDevelopment of the LensDevelopment of the External Layers of the EyeDevelopment of the EarStructures Developing in the Membranous LabyrinthSkeletal and Muscular SystemsDevelopment of a Typical VertebraDevelopment of the Myotome and Associated Nervous ElementsDevelopment of the LimbsDevelopment of the External Features of the LimbsDevelopment of the Internal Structures of the LimbsDevelopment of Limb JointsDevelopment of the Limb MusculatureInnervation of the LimbsDevelopment of the Arteries of the LimbsVenous Drainage of the LimbsRotation of the LimbsOsteogenesisIntramembranous OssificationEndochondral OssificationRemodelling of BoneThe Development of the SkullDevelopment of the NeurocraniumDevelopment of the BasicraniumDevelopment of the ViscerocraniumGrowth of the SkullDiploëSutural GrowthFontanellesThe Development of the Temporomandibular JointThe Integument (The Skin and its Appendages)EpidermisDermisHairSebaceous GlandsSweat (Sudoriferous) GlandsMammary GlandsNailsINDEXAPPENDIXTHE FUNDAMENTALS