An estimated 9 million children every year are affected by pediatric spinal deformities, encompassing a broad spectrum of pathologies. New classification systems, innovative imaging modalities, and advances in surgical techniques have contributed to a continually evolving, evidence-based treatment paradigm. Patient variables such as the age of onset, severity, course of deformity progression, as well as the availability of technology pose individualized challenges.

1 Early-Onset Scoliosis: Classification and Natural History2 Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Classification and Natural History3 Preoperative Evaluation and Imaging Techniques in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis4 Late Sequelae of Untreated Pediatric Deformity5 Surgical Techniques for the Management of Early-Onset Scoliosis6 Surgical Techniques for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis and the Selection of Fusion Levels7 Novel Nonfusion Growth-Modulating Techniques for Pediatric Scoliosis8 Long-Term Outcomes of Operative Management in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis9 Revision Pediatric Spinal Deformity Surgery10 Spondylolisthesis: Classification and Natural History11 Adolescent Spondylolisthesis Associated with Scoliosis: Which Condition Should Surgery Address?12 Pediatric Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis13 Dysplastic High-Grade Spondylolisthesis14 Kyphotic Deformity in the Pediatric Spine15 Spine Surgery in the Developing World16 Safety and Complications in Pediatric Surgery17 Measuring Outcomes in Pediatric Spinal Deformity