¿Recent studies have discovered new known and characterized cytokines, allowing for advancement in miniaturization of micro-analytical methods as well as the extensive development of bio-informatics and nanotechnology.  These advancements have allowed researchers to  reduces sample sizes making for more accurate determinations then previously possible. In Cytokine Protocols: Second Edition, expert researchers in the field detail many of the methods which are now commonly used to study cytokines. These methods and techniques for studying cytokines include historical importance and the importance of researchers using bioassay, quantification, and characterization of cytokine related RNAs,  posttranscriptional modifications of RNA, either naturally or artificially, and observations at the protein level. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology¿ series format, the chapters include the kind of detailed description and implementation advice that is crucial for getting optimal results in the laboratory.Authoritative and practical, Cytokine Protocols: Second Edition seeks to aid scientists in furthering the crucially important advancement of cytokine research.¿

Assays for gene expression have become more sensitive and sophisticated, allowing the simultaneous processing of higher numbers and smaller samples

A Tale of Two Interferon Bioassays: How Frustration with Discrepant Results from Slightly Dissimilar Methods can Engender Discovery.-The use of Real-Time Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) for the Analysis of Cytokine mRNA Levels.-Interleukin-27 Induces Interferon-Inducible Genes: Analysis of Gene Expression Profiles using Affymetrix Microarray and DAVID.-Quantitative Analysis of miRNA Expression in Epithelial Cells and Tissues.- Evaluating Posttranscriptional Regulation of Cytokine Genes.-Cloning of Cytokine 3' Untranslated Regions and Post-Transcriptional Assessment using Cell-Based GFP Assay.-Integrin Targeted Stabilized Nanoparticles for an Efficient Delivery of siRNAs in vitro and in vivo.-Hammerhead Ribozyme Mediated Knockdown of mRNA for Fibrotic Growth Factors: Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 and Connective Tissue Growth Factor.- Control of the Interferon Response in RNAi Experiments.-shRNA-induced Interferon-Stimulated Gene Analysis.-Use of RNA Interference to Investigate Cytokine Signal Transduction in Pancreatic Beta Cells.-Ligand Affinity Chromatography, an Indispensable Method for the Purification of Soluble Cytokine Receptors and Binding Proteins.-In Vitro Stimulation and Detection of IFNa Production in Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells.-A Sensitive and Versatile Cytokine Bioassay Based on Type I interferon Signaling in 2fTGH Cells.