A comprehensive review of the science of drug testing in all its aspects, placing emphasis on technologies that use body fluids other than urine for determining the presence of drugs of abuse. The authors discuss the various body fluid specimens suitable for testing for illicit drugs-particularly saliva, sweat, and hair-describe the structural and manufacturing aspects of on-site testing devices based on lateral flow immunoassay, and detail the pitfalls of using these specimens. They also discuss in detail the problem of sample adulteration and its detection. Since oral fluid has the best potential of succeeding urine as the next matrix of choice for drug detection, four popular saliva testing devices are examined: Intercept®, the Drager Drug Test®, Oratect®, and Drugwipe. Political, social, and legal issues are also considered in articles on privacy, the use of drug testing in courts, and the problem of sample adulteration.

Includes supplementary material: sn.pub/extras

Historical Aspects of Drugs-of-Abuse Testing in the United States Lawrence A. Reynolds

Specimens for Drugs-of-Abuse Testing
Leo J. Kadehjian

Drug-Testing Technologies and Applications
Jane S-C. Tsai and Grace L. Lin

The Use of Nitrocellulose Membranes in Lateral-Flow Assays
Michael A. Mansfield

Antibody-Label Conjugates in Lateral-Flow Assays
Paul Christopher, Nikki Robinson, and Michael K. Shaw

Lateral-Flow Assays: Assembly and Automation
David Carlberg

Oral-Fluid Drug Testing Using the Intercept® Device
R. Sam Niedbala and Keith W. Kardos

Dräger DrugTest®: Test for Illegal Drugs in Oral-Fluid Samples
Stefan Steinmeyer, Rainer Polzius, and Andreas Manns

On-Site Oral-Fluid Drug Testing by Oratect®
Raphael C. Wong

Saliva and Sweat Testing With Drugwipe®: A Review
Franz Aberl and Robert VanDine

Hair Analysis in Drugs-of-Abuse Testing
Michael I. Schaffer and Virginia A. Hill

Instrumented Urine Point-of-Collection Testing Using the eScreen® System
Murray Lappe

Adulteration of Drugs-of-Abuse Specimens
Amitava Dasgupta

Adulteration Detection by Intect® 7
Raphael C. Wong and Harley Y. Tse

Drug Testing and the Criminal Justice System: A Marriage Made in Court
John N. Marr

Drug-of-Abuse Testing: The European Perspective
Alex Yil Fai Wong

The Results of the Roadside Drug Testing Assessment Project
Alain Verstraete

Trends in Drug Testing: Concluding Remarks
Raphael C. Wong

Index