SHAMANISM / LITERATURE "The authors weave a fascinating tale connecting South American shamanic practices of magic plants and wondrous spirit beings to one of the West's oldest mythic tales of exploration: Homer's Odyssey. Such tales provide nourishment and medicine for the soul's growth." --Ralph Metzner, Ph.D., psychologist, professor emeritus at the California Institute of Integral Studies, and author of Ayahuasca and Green Psychology Indigenous, shamanic ways of healing and prophecy are not foreign to the West. The native way of viewing the world--that is, understanding our cosmos as living, sentient, and interconnected--can be found hidden throughout Western literature, beginning with the very origin of the European literary tradition: Homer's Odyssey. Weaving together the narrative traditions of the ancient Greeks and Celts, the mythopoetic work of J. R. R. Tolkien, and the voices of plant medicine healers in North and South America, the authors explore the use of healing songs, psychoactive plants, and vision quests at the heart of the Odyssey, The Lord of the Rings trilogy, and Tolkien's final novella, Smith of Wootton Major. The authors examine Odysseus's encounters with plant divinities, altered consciousness, animal shapeshifting, and sacred topography--all concepts vital to shamanism. They show the deep affinities between the healing powers of ancient bardic song and the icaros of the shamans of the Amazon rain forest, how Odysseus's battle with Circe--wielder of narcotic plants and Mistress of Animals--follows the traditional method of negotiating with a plant ally, and how Odysseus's journey to the land of the dead signifies the universal practice of the vision quest, a key part of shamanic initiation. Emerging precisely at the rupture between modern and primal consciousness, Homer's work represents a window into the lost native mind of the Western world. In this way, the Odyssey as well as Tolkien's work can be seen as an awakening and healing song to return us to our native minds and bring our disconnected souls back into harmony with the living cosmos. ROBERT TINDALL is a professor of English, a writer, and a classical guitarist. With his wife, Susana Bustos, he leads groups into the Amazon rain forest to encounter the healing traditions there. He is the author of The Jaguar that Roams the Mind and The Battle of the Soul in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. SUSANA BUSTOS, Ph.D., is a professor of psychology, a transpersonal psychotherapist, and an independent researcher of entheogenic shamanic traditions. The authors live in the San Francisco Bay Area.

Foreword by John Perkins Acknowledgments One The Flight of the Eagle and Condor Two Snake Medicine Three Poseidon’s Curse: The Rupture with the Indigenous Mind Four Rapturous Song Five The Plant Goddess Circe Six Animal Becoming Seven J. R. R. Tolkien and the Intensified Trajectory of Consciousness Eight Descent to Hades Nine Bound to the Mast: Initiation versus Addiction Ten Healing the Eye of the Cyclops Afterword Appendix A A Brief Orientation to Homer and the Odyssey Appendix B The Prophecy of the Eagle and Condor Notes Bibliography Index